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Questions and Answers
What component forms the backbone of a DNA molecule?
What component forms the backbone of a DNA molecule?
Which type of RNA carries the instructions for protein synthesis from DNA?
Which type of RNA carries the instructions for protein synthesis from DNA?
During DNA replication, what is the role of DNA polymerase?
During DNA replication, what is the role of DNA polymerase?
Which nitrogenous base pairs specifically with adenine in DNA?
Which nitrogenous base pairs specifically with adenine in DNA?
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Which of the following statements about purines is correct?
Which of the following statements about purines is correct?
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Study Notes
DNA Structure and Function
- DNA is the hereditary material found in chromosomes.
- Watson and Crick discovered DNA's double helix structure using X-ray diffraction data.
- DNA is composed of long strands of nucleotides.
- Each nucleotide consists of a sugar, phosphate, and a nitrogenous base.
- The phosphate and sugar molecules form the DNA backbone.
- Nitrogenous bases are attached to the sugar.
Nitrogenous Bases
- Nitrogenous bases are categorized into purines and pyrimidines.
- Purines are adenine and guanine.
- Pyrimidines are cytosine and thymine.
- Base pairing is specific: adenine pairs with thymine, and cytosine pairs with guanine.
- Hydrogen bonds hold base pairs together.
DNA Replication
- During DNA replication, the DNA helix unwinds.
- Enzymes break hydrogen bonds between the base pairs.
- Nucleotides are assembled to form a complementary strand for each template strand.
- DNA polymerase facilitates the matching of nucleotides to their complements.
- Two identical DNA molecules result from the process.
DNA and Protein Synthesis
- DNA controls all cellular activities.
- Protein synthesis occurs on ribosomes.
- DNA's instructions for protein synthesis are carried by RNA.
- RNA contains uracil instead of thymine, which is in DNA.
- There are three main types of RNA: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA).
- mRNA carries the DNA instructions to ribosomes.
- tRNA brings amino acids to ribosomes.
- rRNA forms the structure of ribosomes.
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Description
Test your understanding of the structure and function of DNA, including its composition, the role of nitrogenous bases, and the process of DNA replication. This quiz covers key concepts such as purines and pyrimidines, base pairing, and the enzymatic actions involved in DNA synthesis.
