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Questions and Answers

What role does ligase play during DNA replication?

  • It unwinds the double helix.
  • It synthesizes RNA primers.
  • It checks for errors in the newly synthesized DNA.
  • It joins Okazaki fragments. (correct)

Which nitrogenous bases form two hydrogen bonds when paired together?

  • Adenine and Cytosine
  • Guanine and Thymine
  • Adenine and Thymine (correct)
  • Cytosine and Guanine

What is the primary location of DNA in eukaryotic cells?

  • Cytoplasm
  • Ribosomes
  • Nucleus (correct)
  • Mitochondria

During which part of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

<p>S phase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in transcription?

<p>The DNA double helix unwinds. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component is NOT part of the backbone of the DNA strand?

<p>Nitrogenous bases (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What process follows DNA transcription to produce proteins?

<p>Translation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of RNA polymerase during transcription?

<p>It synthesizes mRNA. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which bases form three hydrogen bonds when paired together?

<p>Cytosine and Guanine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which molecule is primarily responsible for proofreading during DNA replication?

<p>DNA polymerase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in DNA profiling?

<p>To create millions of copies of specific DNA regions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is primarily responsible for transcription in eukaryotic cells?

<p>RNA polymerase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of protein synthesis, what occurs during the termination phase?

<p>A stop codon signals the end of translation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes point mutations from frameshift mutations?

<p>Point mutations involve changes in single nucleotides (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does gel electrophoresis contribute to DNA profiling?

<p>By creating unique patterns of DNA based on size (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common application of DNA profiling in forensic science?

<p>Matching DNA from crime scenes to suspects (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly contrasts DNA replication with transcription?

<p>DNA replication results in two identical DNA molecules (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of silent mutations on protein synthesis?

<p>They do not change the amino acid sequence (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does biotechnology, such as CRISPR, have in relation to genetic mutations?

<p>It aims to correct mutations and treat genetic diseases (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic of DNA profiling allows it to identify individuals uniquely?

<p>Examining specific regions that vary greatly among individuals (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structural feature makes DNA stable during the replication process?

<p>Hydrogen bonds between complementary bases (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is involved in adding nucleotides during DNA elongation?

<p>DNA polymerase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of helicase during DNA replication?

<p>To unwind the double helix (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which process is mRNA modified to enhance stability?

<p>Processing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of bond exists between adenine and thymine in DNA?

<p>Hydrogen bonds (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of the cell cycle is specifically designated for DNA replication?

<p>S phase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of ligase in DNA replication?

<p>Joins Okazaki fragments (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of mutation results in a shift of the entire reading frame during protein synthesis?

<p>Frameshift mutation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main consequence of errors during DNA replication that are not corrected?

<p>Mutations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What component is removed from mRNA during its processing phase?

<p>Introns (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens during the initiation phase of translation?

<p>The ribosome binds to the mRNA, signaling the start of protein synthesis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which step in DNA profiling involves cutting DNA into fragments?

<p>Fragmentation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which scenario would a frameshift mutation most likely occur?

<p>A nucleotide is deleted from the sequence (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of mutation introduces a premature stop codon?

<p>Nonsense Mutations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in DNA profiling?

<p>Sample Collection (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the end products of DNA replication and transcription?

<p>Transcription results in a single mRNA strand, while replication creates two identical DNA molecules (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is primarily responsible for linking amino acids during protein synthesis?

<p>Ribosome (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary application of DNA profiling in forensic science?

<p>Matching crime scene DNA to suspects (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What feature characterizes the process of gel electrophoresis in DNA profiling?

<p>It separates DNA fragments based on size (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following mutations does NOT affect the amino acid sequence?

<p>Silent Mutations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of deoxyribose sugar in DNA?

<p>It forms part of the backbone of the DNA strand. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which step in DNA replication involves adding complementary nucleotides?

<p>Elongation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which process does the DNA double helix unwind?

<p>Initiation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of bond connects adenine to thymine?

<p>Hydrogen bond (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of RNA polymerase in protein synthesis?

<p>To synthesize mRNA from a DNA template. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which description best defines the role of ligase in DNA replication?

<p>Joining Okazaki fragments on the leading strand. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which step of transcription is primarily responsible for the stability of mRNA?

<p>Processing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between DNA replication and transcription?

<p>Replication creates a complete set of DNA, while transcription creates RNA from DNA. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant characteristic of the polypeptide formation step in protein synthesis?

<p>It links amino acids through covalent bonds. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of DNA profiling, which step is crucial for creating a unique banding pattern in gel electrophoresis?

<p>Fragmentation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do nonsense mutations affect protein synthesis?

<p>They introduce a premature stop codon. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes transcription from DNA replication?

<p>DNA replication involves the copying of entire DNA molecules. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of mutation is characterized by a single nucleotide change?

<p>Point Mutation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What application of DNA profiling is typically used to establish biological relationships?

<p>Paternity Testing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What impact do silent mutations usually have on the amino acid sequence of a protein?

<p>They do not change the amino acid sequence. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of RNA polymerase during the transcription process?

<p>To synthesize the mRNA strand. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes mutations that cause severe changes to the protein's function?

<p>Missense Mutations (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which phase does mRNA leave the nucleus and begin its role in protein synthesis?

<p>Exit Phase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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