DNA Structure and Function

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Which component of a nucleotide is responsible for carrying genetic information?

Phosphate molecule
Nitrogenous base (correct)
Hydrogen bond
Sugar molecule

What is the main function of DNA replication?

To translate genetic code into proteins
To transcribe genetic information into RNA
To synthesize proteins from RNA
To create an exact copy of DNA before cell division (correct)

What type of RNA is involved in protein synthesis?

Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Micro RNA (miRNA)
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Messenger RNA (mRNA) (correct)

Which scientist did not receive a Nobel Prize for their contribution to the discovery of DNA?

Rosalind Franklin (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of mitochondrial DNA?

To provide genetic information for mitochondrial function (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of RNA that differs from DNA?

RNA has the base uracil instead of thymine (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of DNA polymerase in DNA replication?

To catalyze the formation of phosphodiester bonds (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a use of mitochondrial DNA in forensic cases?

To determine the maternal lineage of an individual (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of DNA profiling in the context of timber and rhino horns?

To determine the origin of the timber and rhino horns (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential disadvantage of DNA profiling in the context of health insurance?

It can be used to deny health insurance claims (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of chromosomes replicating to form two identical threads or chromatids joined by a centromere?

Interphase (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a cell that has two sets of chromosomes, one from the mother and one from the father?

Diploid (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of meiosis in animals and plants?

To produce haploid cells (D) Signup and view all the answers

Where does meiosis take place in animals?

Testis and ovaries (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of formation of sperm in animals?

Spermatogenesis (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the pollen sacs in plants?

Microsporangia (A) Signup and view all the answers

What occurs when chromosomes fail to separate correctly during meiosis?

Chromosome non-disjunction (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a condition where an individual has an extra or missing chromosome?

Aneuploidy (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of an egg with two number 21 chromosomes being fertilized?

A zygote with 47 chromosomes (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the age-related effect that increases the likelihood of Down syndrome?

Maternal age effect (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a graphical representation of an individual's chromosomes?

Karyotype (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic facial feature of individuals with Down syndrome?

Flattened facial features with slanting eyes (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the frequency of Down syndrome in the general population?

1 in 900 (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the procedure used to extract amniotic fluid for prenatal diagnosis of chromosomal abnormalities?

Amniocentesis (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the enzyme ligase in genetic engineering?

To splice the gene into the plasmid (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of extensively testing transformed plant cells under different conditions?

To check for detrimental effects on other functions or plants (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the condition of having more than one set of chromosomes?

Polyploidy (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the method of producing clones of a plant called?

Micropropagation (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is one advantage of GM crops?

Improved taste and quality (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of polyploidy in bread wheat?

It becomes a new species (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using restriction enzymes in genetic engineering?

To isolate a specific gene from DNA (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of enzyme ligase in genetic engineering?

To join pieces of DNA into a plasmid (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of gene therapy?

To introduce a new gene into the body to cure disease (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between direct delivery and cell-based delivery of genes in gene therapy?

Direct delivery injects the vector into the body, while cell-based delivery exposes the patient's cells to the vector (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of using transgenic technology in plant breeding?

It is faster and more controlled than traditional methods (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the gene gun in genetic engineering?

It shoots pellets with the desired gene into plant cells (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of genetic transformation in plants?

A genetically modified organism (GMO) (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using the Ti plasmid in genetic engineering?

To transform plants using recombinant DNA technique (A) Signup and view all the answers