DNA Structure and Bonding
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Questions and Answers

What is the number of hydrogen bonds between Guanine (G) and Cytosine (C) in DNA?

  • 2
  • 3 (correct)
  • 1
  • 4

    • Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the double helical model of DNA?

  • The sugar molecules are found at the center of the molecule (correct)
  • The strands can rejoin in a complementary manner
  • The strands can separate and act as a template
  • The two strands are antiparallel

    • What is the significance of the major and minor grooves in DNA?

  • They are the sites of DNA transcription
  • They are the sites of hydrogen bond formation
  • They are the sites of DNA replication
  • They are the sites of protein-DNA interaction (correct)

    • What is the outcome of semiconservative replication in DNA?

    <p>One parental DNA strand and one newly synthesized complementary strand are formed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the Meselson-Stahl experiments?

    <p>They demonstrated the semiconservative replication of DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the bond that links the sugar molecule to the phosphate group in DNA?

    <p>Glycosidic bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During DNA replication, what is the direction of synthesis for each new strand?

    <p>5’ to 3’</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of DNA Gyrase in prokaryotic DNA replication?

    <p>To facilitate future replication by introducing negative supercoils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of multiple sites of origin in eukaryotic chromosomes?

    <p>It allows for bidirectional replication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of semiconservative replication?

    <p>One strand is derived from the mother cell, while the other strand is synthesized from scratch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of each strand in DNA replication?

    <p>Each strand serves as a template for the synthesis of the other strand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of negative supercoils in eukaryotic DNA?

    <p>They neutralize positive supercoils introduced during double helix opening</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of amplification controls in PCR-based tests?

    <p>To avoid false-negative results</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of internal controls in quantitative PCR methods?

    <p>To determine the relative amounts of target</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of calibrators in quantitative analyte measurements?

    <p>To associate the instrument response with the true value</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of Quality Assurance (QA) in laboratory testing services?

    <p>To continuously improve the efficiency and reliability of laboratory testing services</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Quality Indicator Monitoring in QA?

    <p>To track the performance of the laboratory testing services</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) in QA?

    <p>To outline the steps for laboratory testing services</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of molecular diagnostics in laboratory medicine?

    <p>To diagnose human diseases at the nucleic acid level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) in laboratory diagnosis for SARS-CoV-2?

    <p>Laboratory-based diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main application of genome-based diagnostics in molecular laboratory?

    <p>Diagnostic, prognostic, predictive, and therapeutic applications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between laboratory-based and point-of-care molecular testing for SARS-CoV-2?

    <p>Point-of-care testing is performed at the patient's bedside, while laboratory-based testing is performed in a laboratory setting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of isothermal NAAT in molecular diagnostics for SARS-CoV-2?

    <p>Alternative to rRT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2 testing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of molecular diagnostics in molecular laboratory?

    <p>Ability to diagnose human diseases at the nucleic acid level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of External Quality Assessment?

    <p>To compare a laboratory's testing performance to the performance of peer or reference laboratories</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs when any of the quality control measures fail?

    <p>The test results are considered invalid and must be repeated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of proficiency testing?

    <p>To compare the performance of different laboratories</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of reagent preparation in the analytical phase?

    <p>To prepare diagnostic reagents for testing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the final phase of the laboratory testing process?

    <p>Post-analytical phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of sending blind samples to participating laboratories in proficiency testing?

    <p>To compare the performance of different laboratories</p> Signup and view all the answers

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