DNA Structure and Bonding

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Questions and Answers

What is the number of hydrogen bonds between Guanine (G) and Cytosine (C) in DNA?

  • 2
  • 3 (correct)
  • 1
  • 4

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the double helical model of DNA?

  • The sugar molecules are found at the center of the molecule (correct)
  • The strands can rejoin in a complementary manner
  • The strands can separate and act as a template
  • The two strands are antiparallel

What is the significance of the major and minor grooves in DNA?

  • They are the sites of DNA transcription
  • They are the sites of hydrogen bond formation
  • They are the sites of DNA replication
  • They are the sites of protein-DNA interaction (correct)

What is the outcome of semiconservative replication in DNA?

<p>One parental DNA strand and one newly synthesized complementary strand are formed (A)</p>
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What is the significance of the Meselson-Stahl experiments?

<p>They demonstrated the semiconservative replication of DNA (D)</p>
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What is the term for the bond that links the sugar molecule to the phosphate group in DNA?

<p>Glycosidic bond (B)</p>
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During DNA replication, what is the direction of synthesis for each new strand?

<p>5’ to 3’ (B)</p>
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What is the primary function of DNA Gyrase in prokaryotic DNA replication?

<p>To facilitate future replication by introducing negative supercoils (A)</p>
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What is the significance of multiple sites of origin in eukaryotic chromosomes?

<p>It allows for bidirectional replication (B)</p>
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What is the characteristic of semiconservative replication?

<p>One strand is derived from the mother cell, while the other strand is synthesized from scratch (C)</p>
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What is the role of each strand in DNA replication?

<p>Each strand serves as a template for the synthesis of the other strand (A)</p>
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What is the consequence of negative supercoils in eukaryotic DNA?

<p>They neutralize positive supercoils introduced during double helix opening (A)</p>
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What is the primary purpose of amplification controls in PCR-based tests?

<p>To avoid false-negative results (A)</p>
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What is the function of internal controls in quantitative PCR methods?

<p>To determine the relative amounts of target (D)</p>
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What is the purpose of calibrators in quantitative analyte measurements?

<p>To associate the instrument response with the true value (A)</p>
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What is the main goal of Quality Assurance (QA) in laboratory testing services?

<p>To continuously improve the efficiency and reliability of laboratory testing services (C)</p>
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What is the function of Quality Indicator Monitoring in QA?

<p>To track the performance of the laboratory testing services (D)</p>
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What is the purpose of Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) in QA?

<p>To outline the steps for laboratory testing services (C)</p>
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What is the primary purpose of molecular diagnostics in laboratory medicine?

<p>To diagnose human diseases at the nucleic acid level (C)</p>
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What is the role of real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) in laboratory diagnosis for SARS-CoV-2?

<p>Laboratory-based diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 (C)</p>
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What is the main application of genome-based diagnostics in molecular laboratory?

<p>Diagnostic, prognostic, predictive, and therapeutic applications (B)</p>
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What is the difference between laboratory-based and point-of-care molecular testing for SARS-CoV-2?

<p>Point-of-care testing is performed at the patient's bedside, while laboratory-based testing is performed in a laboratory setting (C)</p>
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What is the role of isothermal NAAT in molecular diagnostics for SARS-CoV-2?

<p>Alternative to rRT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2 testing (C)</p>
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What is the primary advantage of molecular diagnostics in molecular laboratory?

<p>Ability to diagnose human diseases at the nucleic acid level (C)</p>
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What is the primary purpose of External Quality Assessment?

<p>To compare a laboratory's testing performance to the performance of peer or reference laboratories (D)</p>
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What occurs when any of the quality control measures fail?

<p>The test results are considered invalid and must be repeated (B)</p>
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What is the purpose of proficiency testing?

<p>To compare the performance of different laboratories (B)</p>
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What is the purpose of reagent preparation in the analytical phase?

<p>To prepare diagnostic reagents for testing (B)</p>
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What is the final phase of the laboratory testing process?

<p>Post-analytical phase (D)</p>
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What is the purpose of sending blind samples to participating laboratories in proficiency testing?

<p>To compare the performance of different laboratories (B)</p>
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