DNA Replication Quiz

Origin of replication = The site at which replication begins Replication fork = The site at which replication is occurring Okazaki fragments = Small fragments created due to discontinuous synthesis of one parental strand Telomerase = The enzyme that synthesizes the ends of linear chromosomes

Helicases and topoisomerases = Unwind the DNA helix of the parental strands Primase = Synthesizes the RNA primer DNA polymerase = Reads the parental template strand and produces new strands Mismatch repair enzymes = Recognize mis-incorporated bases, remove them, and replace them with correct bases

Mismatch repair = Enzymes recognize mis-incorporated bases, remove them, and replace them with correct bases Nucleotide excision repair = Enzymes remove incorrect bases with a few surrounding bases, which are replaced with the correct bases Non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) = A major double-strand break (DSB) repair pathway Homologous recombination (HR) = A major double-strand break (DSB) repair pathway

<p>Deoxyribonucleotide triphosphates = The precursors for replication 5′-to-3′ direction = The direction in which DNA synthesis proceeds 3′-hydroxyl group = DNA polymerase requires a free group of this for replication RNA primer = Provided by the enzyme primase for DNA polymerase</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Template strand = Parental strands of DNA serve as this for the synthesis of a complementary strand Continuous synthesis = One parental strand is synthesized in this manner Discontinuous synthesis = Creates small fragments named Okazaki fragments in one parental strand Error checking and repair systems = Function to maintain the integrity of the genome</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mutations = Errors during replication can lead to these Telomeres = The ends of linear chromosomes synthesized by the enzyme telomerase Parental strands = Serve as a template for the synthesis of a complementary strand during replication Replication fork = The site at which replication is occurring</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Primase = Synthesizes the RNA primer for DNA polymerase Mismatch repair enzymes = Recognize mis-incorporated bases, remove them from DNA, and replace them with the correct bases DNA polymerase = Reads the parental template strand in the 3′-to-5′ direction, producing new strands in a 5′-to-3′ direction Telomerase = Synthesizes the ends of linear chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Continuous synthesis = The process where one parental strand is synthesized without interruption Discontinuous synthesis = The process where one parental strand is synthesized in fragments Mismatch repair = The process where enzymes recognize mis-incorporated bases, remove them, and replace them with the correct bases Nucleotide excision repair = The process where enzymes remove incorrect bases with a few surrounding bases, which are replaced with the correct bases</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Origin of replication = The site where replication begins Replication fork = The site where replication is currently occurring Okazaki fragments = Small fragments that are created due to the discontinuous synthesis of one parental strand 5′-to-3′ direction = The direction in which DNA polymerase synthesizes new strands</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Helicases and topoisomerases = Required to unwind the DNA helix of the parental strands Primase = Provides an RNA primer for DNA polymerase Mismatch repair enzymes = Recognize mis-incorporated bases and replace them with correct ones Telomerase = Synthesizes the ends of linear chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Origin of replication = Site at which replication begins Replication fork = Site at which replication is occurring Helicases and topoisomerases = Enzymes required to unwind the DNA helix of the parental strands Okazaki fragments = Small fragments created during discontinuous synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>DNA polymerase = Synthesizes new DNA strands Primase = Synthesizes the RNA primer Telomerase = Synthesizes the ends of linear chromosomes Mismatch repair enzymes = Recognize and correct mis-incorporated bases</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Continuous synthesis = One parental strand is synthesized continuously Discontinuous synthesis = One parental strand is synthesized in fragments Nucleotide excision repair = Enzymes remove incorrect bases and replace them with the correct ones Non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) = One of the major DSB repair pathways</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Deoxyribonucleotide triphosphates = Precursors for replication 3′-hydroxyl group = Required by DNA polymerase for replication RNA primer = Provides a starting point for DNA polymerase Errors = Can lead to mutations if not corrected</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Error checking and repair systems = Maintain the integrity of the genome Mismatch repair enzymes = Recognize and correct mis-incorporated bases Nucleotide excision repair = Enzymes remove incorrect bases and replace them DNA non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) and homologous recombination (HR) = Two major DSB repair pathways</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Template strand = Serves as a guide for the synthesis of a complementary strand 5′-to-3′ direction = Direction in which DNA synthesis proceeds Okazaki fragments = Created during discontinuous synthesis of the lagging strand Telomeres = Ends of linear chromosomes synthesized by telomerase</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Parental strands = Serve as templates for the synthesis of complementary strands Replication fork = Site at which replication is currently taking place Primase = Enzyme that synthesizes the RNA primer Mismatch repair enzymes = Recognize and correct mis-incorporated bases</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Helicases and topoisomerases = Unwind the DNA helix of the parental strands DNA polymerase = Reads the parental template strand in the 3′-to-5′ direction Primase = Synthesizes the RNA primer needed for DNA replication Telomerase = Synthesizes the ends of linear chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Origin of replication = Site where replication begins Okazaki fragments = Small fragments created during discontinuous synthesis Primase = Synthesizes the RNA primer needed for DNA replication Mismatch repair enzymes = Recognize and correct mis-incorporated bases</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Replication fork = Site where replication is currently occurring DNA Polymerase = Synthesizes new DNA strands 3′-hydroxyl group = Required by DNA polymerase for replication Telomerase = Synthesizes the ends of linear chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Origin of replication = Site at which replication begins Replication fork = Site at which replication is occurring Okazaki fragments = Small fragments created during discontinuous synthesis Telomeres = Ends of linear chromosomes synthesized by the enzyme telomerase</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Helicases = Unwind the DNA helix Topoisomerases = Unwind the DNA helix Primase = Synthesizes the RNA primer DNA polymerase = Reads the parental template strand and produces new strands</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>DNA polymerase = Synthesizes new DNA strands in a 5′-to-3′ direction Primase = Provides an RNA primer for DNA polymerase Telomerase = Synthesizes the ends of linear chromosomes Mismatch repair enzymes = Recognize mis-incorporated bases, remove them from DNA, and replace them with the correct bases</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Deoxyribonucleotide triphosphates = Precursors for replication 3′-hydroxyl group = Needed by DNA polymerase for replication Nucleotide primer = Synthesized by primase for DNA replication 5′-to-3′ direction = Direction in which DNA synthesis proceeds</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mismatch repair = Recognizes mis-incorporated bases, removes them, and replaces them with the correct bases Nucleotide excision repair = Removes incorrect bases with a few surrounding bases and replaces them with the correct bases DNA non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) = Major DSB repair pathway Homologous recombination (HR) = Major DSB repair pathway</p> Signup and view all the answers