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Questions and Answers
What is the main requirement for DNA replication?
How are the hydrogen bonds between the bases broken during DNA replication?
What is the function of primase in DNA replication?
Which enzyme is responsible for elongation of the DNA strand during replication?
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What happens to the primer after DNA synthesis?
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What is the role of post-replication mismatch repair in DNA replication?
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Why do DNA polymerases require a primer for synthesis of new DNA strands?
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What is the enzyme responsible for unwinding the double-stranded DNA into single-stranded DNA during replication?
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Which enzyme is responsible for joining the Okazaki fragments by catalyzing the formation of phosphodiester bonds?
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What is the structure of replication fork made up of in terms of the leading and lagging strands?
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What is the function of topoisomerase in DNA replication?
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What causes the lagging strand replication to be discontinuous?
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In prokaryotes, where does replication start?
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What is the role of DNA polymerase I in DNA replication?
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'Dimerization of DNA polymerase' allows what simultaneous action during replication?
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DNA replication on both the leading and lagging strands happens simultaneously due to dimerization of DNA polymerase.
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Topoisomerases enzyme is responsible for the relaxation of supercoiled DNA during replication.
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Elongation of the leading strand during DNA replication is not continuous.
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Okazaki fragments are joined together within the single-stranded DNA region.
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In eukaryotes, the process of DNA replication is less complicated due to the smaller genome size.
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Study Notes
DNA Replication
- DNA replication occurs via semi-conservative replication, where each strand of DNA serves as a template to synthesize a new complementary strand.
Requirements for DNA Replication
- Ability to separate DNA strands and put them back together
- Ability to reproduce DNA sequence without errors
DNA Separation
- Hydrogen bonds between bases are broken via heat, separating the double helix into 2 separate strands of DNA
Accuracy of DNA Replication
- Important to maintain accuracy, achieved through:
- Proofreading: enzymes read base sequence and remove errors
- Post-replication mismatch repair: reduces errors further
Enzymes Involved in DNA Replication
- DNA polymerase I and III: template-dependent polymerases that can't synthesize DNA strands on their own and require a primer
Primers
- Short, single-stranded nucleic acid with a free OH group at the 3’ end
- Made up of RNA
- Required for DNA replication
- Generated by primase enzymes
- Primase synthesizes a short (5-10 bases) nucleotide sequence complementary to DNA
- Primer is removed after DNA synthesis by hydrolysis and replaced by DNA
Replication Fork
- Both strands of DNA are synthesized simultaneously
- Synthesis occurs in the 5’ to 3’ direction
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Description
Test your knowledge about the process of DNA replication, including the requirements, DNA separation, and accuracy of replication. Learn about the steps involved in replicating DNA and the mechanisms that ensure accurate reproduction.
