DNA Replication Process

DNA replication is a ______ reaction.

The ______ nature of DNA replication was first demonstrated by the Meselson-Stahl experiment in 1958.

DNA polymerase is the main ______ in the replication process.

The antiparallel nature of DNA strands is needed to form the ______ bonds between the nitrogenous bases.

Each newly replicated DNA molecule consists of one original (parental) ______ and one newly synthesized (daughter) strand.

The DNA double helix consists of two strands that run in ______ directions to permit base pairing between them.

The process of making proteins occurs in two stages: ______ and translation.

During ______, the mRNA works with a ribosome and tRNA to synthesize proteins.

The enzyme ______ binds to a region of a gene called the promoter to initiate transcription.

The ______ of nucleotides to the mRNA strand is the ending of transcription.

The mRNA strand is complete, and it detaches from ______ at the end of transcription.

Transcription is the transfer of genetic instructions in ______ to mRNA in the nucleus.

______ unwinds the two strands of DNA at the origin of replication.

______ is the main replicative enzyme.

______ is synthesised by primase and is complementary to the DNA strand.

______ removes ribonucleotide primers that are used in DNA replication.

______ prevents the supercoiling of DNA.

______ fills DNA gaps that arise during DNA replication, repair, and recombination.

A peptide bond is formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the ______ site and the methionine in the P site.

The ribosome now slides down the mRNA, so that the tRNA in the ______ site moves over to the P site.

The appropriate tRNA carrying the appropriate amino acid pairs bases with this new codon in the ______ site.

The tRNA that was in the ______ site is let go into the cytoplasm, where it will eventually bind with another amino acid.

The protein chain connected to the tRNA in the ______ site is released.

Many proteins travel to the ______ apparatus within the cytoplasm to be modified for the specific job they will do.

Protein synthesis is the process in which cells make ______.

Transcription is the transfer of genetic instructions in DNA to ______ in the nucleus.

Translation occurs at the ______, which consists of rRNA and proteins.

Then, rRNA helps ______ form between the amino acids, producing a polypeptide chain.

After a polypeptide chain is synthesized, it may undergo additional ______ to form the finished protein.