10 Questions
Shown below is a replication bubble. At which location is the DNA polymerase adding nucleotides in a continuous manner?
A and D
What is the name of the DNA sequence where replication begins?
replication origin
What is the function of a topoisomerase in DNA replication?
It relieves the tension in DNA strands.
How does Polymerase help maintain the accuracy of DNA replication?
DNA polymerase can cut out improperly base-paired nucleotides and add the correct one during synthesis.
The bonds that link two DNA strands together are
hydrogen bonds.
The sequence at which DNA replication begins tends to have which characteristic?
AT-rich
Which double-strand break repair mechanism is a simple ligation mechanism?
nonhomologous end joining
How are the primers from which DNA synthesis starts different from the DNA itself?
The primers are made up of RNA not DNA.
If a stretch of DNA on the parental strand of a replicating chromosome has the sequence 5′–AGCTCGATCGGCTA–3′, what will the sequence of the newly synthesized strand made from this stretch of template be?
3′–TCGAGCTAGCCGAT–5′
The energy for the polymerization reaction in DNA synthesis is powered by
the breaking of high-energy phosphate bonds in the deoxynucleotides.
Study Notes
DNA Replication
- Replication bubble: the region where DNA replication occurs
Leading Strand Synthesis
- DNA polymerase adds nucleotides in a continuous manner at the leading strand
Origin of Replication
- The sequence where replication begins is called the origin of replication
- The origin of replication tends to have a characteristic of being rich in AT bases
Topoisomerase Function
- Topoisomerase: an enzyme that relieves the tension in DNA ahead of the replication fork by cutting and rejoining the DNA strand
Proofreading and Editing
- DNA polymerase helps maintain the accuracy of DNA replication through proofreading and editing mechanisms
DNA Structure
- The bonds that link two DNA strands together are hydrogen bonds
Non-Homologous End Joining (NHEJ)
- A simple ligation mechanism used in double-strand break repair
Primer Function
- Primers are short RNA sequences that provide a starting point for DNA synthesis
- Primers are different from DNA in that they are made of RNA and are eventually degraded and replaced with DNA nucleotides
DNA Synthesis
- Given the parental strand sequence 5′–AGCTCGATCGGCTA–3′, the newly synthesized strand will have the sequence 3′–TGCGAGCTAGCCGT–5′
Energy Source for DNA Synthesis
- The energy for the polymerization reaction in DNA synthesis is powered by nucleoside triphosphates
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