DNA Replication Overview Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Is DNA replication described as conservative or semi-conservative? What does that mean?

DNA replication is described as semi-conservative. This means that each new DNA double-helix strand contains one strand of the original parent strand.

What are the 3 parts of a nucleotide?

Nitrogenous base, phosphate, sugar (deoxyribose for DNA)

The pyrimidine bases are?

Thymine and cytosine

The purine bases are?

<p>Adenine and Guanine</p> Signup and view all the answers

Is DNA replication a catabolic or anabolic process?

<p>DNA replication is an anabolic process because it builds a new DNA strand.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the starting point in replication called?

<p>Point of Origin</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which strand is synthesized towards the replication fork?

<p>Lagging strand</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of bond does helicase break?

<p>Hydrogen bonds between the nitrogen bases</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is at the 5' end of DNA? What about the 3' end?

<p>The 5' end has a phosphate and the 3' end has the hydroxyl group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Function of helicase?

<p>Unzips the helix</p> Signup and view all the answers

Function of primase?

<p>Puts down markers for the polymerase to follow</p> Signup and view all the answers

Function of polymerase?

<p>Adds free-floating nucleotides to the DNA strand</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ligase function?

<p>Glues nucleotides down on the lagging strand</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the base pairs would be harder to split? Why?

<p>G and C because they have three hydrogen bonds while A and T only have two.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the strands (leading or lagging) would use more RNA primer? Why?

<p>The lagging strand would use more primer because it is being synthesized in the opposite direction, so the polymerase needs more instruction on where to put down nucleotides.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

DNA Replication Overview

  • DNA replication is semi-conservative, with each new double-helix containing one original parent strand.
  • It is characterized as an anabolic process since it builds new DNA strands.

Nucleotide Structure

  • A nucleotide consists of three components: nitrogenous base, phosphate group, and deoxyribose sugar.

Nitrogenous Bases

  • Pyrimidine bases include thymine (T) and cytosine (C).
  • Purine bases consist of adenine (A) and guanine (G).

DNA Replication Mechanics

  • The starting point for replication is called the Point of Origin.
  • Helicase is responsible for unzipping the DNA helix by breaking the hydrogen bonds between nitrogen bases.

Strand Synthesis

  • The lagging strand is synthesized towards the replication fork, requiring more RNA primers due to its synthesis occurring in the opposite direction.
  • The leading strand is synthesized continuously.

Key Enzymes and Their Functions

  • Helicase: Unzips the double helix.
  • Primase: Lays down RNA primers for DNA polymerase to follow.
  • Polymerase: Adds free-floating nucleotides to synthesize the new DNA strand.
  • Ligase: Glues nucleotides together on the lagging strand.

Base Pairing Strength

  • Guanine (G) and cytosine (C) pairs are harder to split than adenine (A) and thymine (T) pairs due to G and C forming three hydrogen bonds, compared to the two hydrogen bonds in A and T.

5' and 3' Ends

  • DNA strands have a 5' end with a phosphate group and a 3' end with a hydroxyl group.

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