DNA Replication Overview

What is the main function of tRNA during cell division and transformation?

Synthesizing proteins
Transporting daughter cells
Reading of mRNA by ribosomes (correct)
Splicing in eukaryotes

How long are transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules on average?

50-60 bases
73-93 bases (correct)
100-120 bases
10-20 bases

Where is small nuclear RNA (snRNA) primarily located after transcription?

Endoplasmic reticulum
Mitochondria
Cytoplasm
Nucleus (correct)

Which RNA polymerase is responsible for the synthesis of mRNA?

RNA polymerase II (B) Signup and view all the answers

Where does transcription primarily take place in prokaryotes?

Cytoplasm (D) Signup and view all the answers

What determines the termination of RNA synthesis in prokaryotes?

High levels of gene product (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the direction in which DNA polymerase reads the template strand during DNA replication?

3' to 5' (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the key to maintaining the sequence of nucleotides in DNA through new generations?

Semi-conservative replication (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the replication apparatus during cell division?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the two strands of the DNA double helix?

Complementary and antiparallel (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the hydrogen bonds formed between the two complementary strands of DNA?

To stabilize the DNA double helix structure (C) Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important that the DNA sequence information be transferred faithfully during cell division?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is correct about eukaryotic ribosomal RNA (rRNA)?

The 5S rRNA is transcribed separately from the 45S precursor RNA. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of messenger RNA (mRNA) in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

To carry genetic information from DNA to the translation machinery for protein synthesis. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true about prokaryotic mRNA?

It is synthesized and translated simultaneously. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of plasmids in prokaryotic cells?

To provide additional genetic information beyond the main chromosome. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes large plasmids?

They carry genes for their own transfer and propagation, and occur in low copy numbers. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between large and small plasmids in prokaryotic cells?

Large plasmids carry genes for their own maintenance, while small plasmids do not. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of DNA polymerase I (pol I)?

It has a large subunit called the Klenow fragment that is used for in vitro DNA synthesis. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between sexual and asexual recombination?

Sexual recombination involves the pairing and crossing over of DNA duplexes during meiosis, while asexual recombination involves the transfer of genetic information between bacteria through conjugation. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the F factor in bacterial conjugation?

The F factor is an extrachromosomal circle of double-stranded DNA or plasmid that carries the genes coding for the construction of the mating bridge during conjugation. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of recombination in DNA?

Recombination is the process by which new genetic combinations are created through the mixture and assembly of existing DNA sequences. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the recombination process during meiosis?

Recombination during meiosis creates genetic diversity by randomly assorting the recombined chromosomes into the gametes. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between F+ and F- bacteria in the context of bacterial conjugation?

F+ bacteria can transfer genetic information to F- bacteria, but F- bacteria cannot transfer genetic information to F+ bacteria. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of RNA polymerase during transcription?

To copy the DNA template with complementary bases (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following enzymes is responsible for cleaving double-stranded RNA?

RNase III (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of RNase P?

To remove precursor nucleotides from tRNA molecules (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of RNA helicases?

They catalyze the unwinding of double-stranded RNA (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between endoribonucleases and exoribonucleases?

Endoribonucleases degrade the internal part of RNA, while exoribonucleases degrade RNA from the 3' or 5' ends (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following enzymes is responsible for digesting the RNA strand in a DNA-RNA hybrid?

RNase H (A) Signup and view all the answers