DNA Structure and Replication Quiz

Biomolecules and Enzymes

• DNA and RNA are part of the nucleic acids biomolecule category.
• The specific molecule on which an enzyme acts is referred to as the substrate.

RNA Structure

• RNA contains ribose as its five-carbon sugar.

Genetic Code Conversion

• Molecules that participate in converting the genetic code into proteins and other gene products include mRNA, tRNA, and ribosomes.

Role of DNA Polymerase

• DNA polymerase is responsible for adding nucleotides to the growing DNA strand during DNA replication.

Gene Function

• A gene in a DNA molecule or chromosome functions as a blueprint for producing specific proteins.

DNA Replication Process

• After the separation of the two DNA strands during DNA replication, complementary nucleotides are added to each strand to form new strands.

Importance of DNA Duplication

• Ensuring that DNA molecules duplicate before cell division is crucial for maintaining genetic consistency across daughter cells.

Transcription Enzyme

• The primary enzyme involved in transcribing the genetic code from DNA to produce mRNA is RNA polymerase.

Gene Expression Regulation

• Genes that are only expressed when the gene products are needed are referred to as inducible genes.

Location of Transcription in Eukaryotes

• In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus.

One Gene-One Polypeptide Hypothesis

• The hypothesis stating that one gene of a DNA molecule is used to make one molecule of mRNA is known as the one gene-one polypeptide hypothesis.