DNA Replication Overview

False (B)

It means each new DNA double helix contains one original strand and one newly synthesized strand.

<p>Thymine, Guanine</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Growth = Adding new cells Tissue Repair = Replacing damaged cells Cell Differentiation = Specialization of cells Cell Division = Process of replicating DNA for new cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>One hour (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>&quot;GROWTH Gap Repair&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Degeneracy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To transport oxygen and carbon dioxide.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A site</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>720 nucleotides (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A site = Holds the incoming tRNA with new amino acid P site = Where peptide bond formation occurs E site = Exit site for tRNA after amino acid transfer</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Actin, myosin, immunoglobulins, lactase.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To separate DNA fragments by size (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Microsatellites = 1-6 base pairs Minisatellites = 10-60 base pairs Macrosatellites = Larger than 100 base pairs</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To provide a reference for estimating fragment sizes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>DNA fragments from the child, mother, and alleged father</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>electrophoresis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>PCR = Amplifies DNA samples Gel electrophoresis = Separates DNA by size Restriction enzymes = Cut DNA at specific sites</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They exhibit a high degree of variability between individuals. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They cut DNA into smaller fragments at specific sequences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>size</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Unwinds the DNA double helix (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>thymine (T)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>DNA polymerase</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Denaturation = Separates DNA into single strands Annealing = Primers bind to the template Extension = Taq polymerase extends the DNA strand</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Denaturation Phase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To visualize and analyze amplified DNA fragments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>unwinding</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Helicase = Unwinds DNA DNA Polymerase = Synthesizes new strands Taq Polymerase = Extends DNA at high temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Short Tandem Repeats (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To correct mismatched bases and ensure replication accuracy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>doubling</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They bind to their complementary sequences (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To unwind the DNA double helix (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To deliver genetic information from the nucleus to the ribosomes for translation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>AUG; methionine</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>mRNA = Carries genetic information to ribosomes tRNA = Brings amino acids to ribosome rRNA = Forms part of the ribosome structure RNA polymerase = Synthesizes RNA from the DNA template</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>RNA contains uracil while DNA contains thymine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>720 nucleotides</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>melanin</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Codon = A sequence of three nucleotides on mRNA Polypeptide = A chain of amino acids Gene expression = The process of turning genes on or off Transcriptome = The full range of RNA types expressed in a cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>P site (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The DNA rewinds back into a double helix.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>anti-sense</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To facilitate the assembly of polypeptides (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The process of copying DNA for cell division.

The process that results in two or more daughter cells from a parent cell.

Ensures new cells inherit correct genetic information.

Can duplicate billions of base pairs in about one hour.

Each new DNA molecule has one old and one new strand.

Parent DNA strand used to create a new complementary strand.

A pairs with T, C pairs with G during replication.

Two identical DNA molecules ensuring genetic continuity.

Helicase unwinds the DNA double helix by breaking hydrogen bonds between base pairs.

DNA polymerase synthesizes new DNA strands by pairing complementary nucleotides.

Adenine (A) pairs with Thymine (T), and Cytosine (C) pairs with Guanine (G).

Technique to amplify specific DNA sequences, producing millions of copies from small samples.

First step of PCR where DNA is heated to separate into single strands.

Second step of PCR where temperature lowers, enabling primers to bind to DNA.

Third step in PCR where Taq polymerase adds nucleotides to synthesize new DNA strands.

Heat-stable enzyme used in the extension phase of PCR for adding nucleotides.

Each cycle of PCR doubles the amount of DNA, leading to billions of copies after multiple cycles.

Technique used to separate DNA fragments by size after PCR amplification.

Analyzing variable DNA regions to create a unique genetic fingerprint for individuals.

PCR can verify results, analyze genetic variations, and isolate DNA fragments for study.

Using DNA analysis from crime scenes for investigations, often via PCR and gel electrophoresis.

Helicase unwinds DNA; DNA polymerase synthesizes new strands ensuring accurate base pairing.

A genetic code comprising three nucleotides that specifies an amino acid.

Multiple codons can encode the same amino acid, providing genetic redundancy.

tRNA transports amino acids to the ribosome and helps form peptide bonds.

The ribosome has three sites: A site (aminoacyl), P site (peptidyl), E site (exit).

The chemical bond formed between amino acids during protein synthesis.

The genetic structure of DNA is consistent across all living organisms.

DNA sequences that remain unchanged over generations due to essential functions.

Hemoglobin is the protein in red blood cells that transports oxygen.

The synthesis of RNA using DNA as a template, occurring in the nucleus.

An enzyme that synthesizes RNA by binding to DNA and unwinding it.

The DNA strand that matches the RNA sequence except for T and U.

The complete set of RNA transcripts produced by a cell.

The synthesis of polypeptides from mRNA in the ribosomes.

Sequences of three nucleotides on mRNA that specify amino acids.

The first codon in mRNA (AUG) that signals the beginning of translation.

The codon that signals the end of translation.

The structure made of ribosomal subunits where translation occurs.

Transfer RNA that carries amino acids to the ribosome during translation.

The building blocks of proteins, linked in specific sequences.

To code for a polypeptide, 3 nucleotides are needed for each amino acid.

Not all genes are active at all times; some can be switched on or off.

Using DNA profiles to identify victims by matching samples.

Small biological materials like hair amplified for identification.

Comparing DNA from child, mother, and alleged father to establish relationships.

Process that increases DNA quantity from small samples.

Unique arrangements of DNA fragments visualized after separation.

Reference mix of DNA fragments used for measuring sizes.

Drives DNA migration during gel electrophoresis.

Enzymes that cut DNA into smaller fragments.

Short sequences of DNA repeated in the genome, varying by individual.

Short tandem repeats of 1-6 base pairs in DNA.

Repeat sequences of 10-60 base pairs.

Long tandem repeats of greater than 100 base pairs.

Using dyes to make DNA bands visible under UV light.

Smaller DNA fragments move faster in the gel than larger ones.