DNA Replication Overview

What is the primary purpose of DNA replication?

DNA replication is essential only during organism growth, not during tissue repair.

What is meant by the term 'semi-conservative' in DNA replication?

During DNA replication, Adenine pairs with _____ and Cytosine pairs with _____.

Match the following stages of life processes with their descriptions:

How long does it typically take for DNA replication to occur in human cells?

Fast DNA replication ensures trillions of identical cells can develop from one fertilized egg.

What mnemonic can help remember the processes that depend on DNA replication?

What term describes the phenomenon where multiple codons code for the same amino acid?

The sequence of DNA varies significantly among all organisms.

What is the function of haemoglobin in red blood cells?

The __________ is the site in the ribosome where tRNA first enters carrying its amino acid.

How many nucleotides are required to code for 240 amino acids?

Match the following ribosome sites with their functions:

Conserved sequences are those that change rapidly across generations.

Which proteins, besides haemoglobin, are not required in red blood cells?

What is the primary purpose of gel electrophoresis in DNA profiling?

Larger DNA fragments move farther in gel electrophoresis compared to smaller fragments.

What method is used to amplify DNA from minute samples?

The number of times a tandem repeat is repeated can vary widely between __________.

Match the following types of tandem repeats with their lengths:

What is the function of a DNA ladder in gel electrophoresis?

Restriction enzymes are used to amplify DNA fragments for analysis.

In DNA profiling, what is compared to determine biological relationships?

During __________, DNA moves toward the positive electrode due to its negative charge.

Match the following terms with their descriptions:

Why are tandem repeats useful in forensic investigations?

Ethidium bromide is used to visualize DNA bands under infrared light.

What role do restriction endonucleases play in DNA profiling?

The process of comparing the distance traveled by sample fragments to a DNA ladder is part of determining the __________ of DNA fragments.

What is the main function of helicase in DNA replication?

DNA polymerase can initiate DNA synthesis without a primer.

What base pairs with adenine (A) in DNA?

The _____ enzyme synthesizes new DNA strands using the template.

Match the following phases of PCR with their descriptions:

Which phase of PCR is characterized by the temperature being raised to 98°C?

PCR can amplify DNA from minute samples to millions of copies.

What is the purpose of gel electrophoresis in PCR?

In eukaryotic DNA, the first step of replication involves the _____ of the double helix.

Match the following enzymes with their roles:

What does the acronym STR stand for in DNA profiling?

In the PCR process, the extension phase uses Taq polymerase, which is heat-stable.

What is the significance of proof-reading in DNA polymerase?

Each cycle of PCR results in _____ the amount of DNA.

What role do primers play in PCR?

What is the main function of RNA polymerase during transcription?

Transcription occurs in the cytoplasm in eukaryotic cells.

What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

The start codon on mRNA is always _____ and it codes for _____ as the first amino acid.

Match the RNA structures to their functions:

What distinguishes RNA from DNA?

Transcription can occur simultaneously on both strands of DNA.

How many nucleotides are needed in the coding strand to produce a polypeptide of 240 amino acids?

The _____ gene may only be switched on during the summer.

Match the following terms with their correct definitions:

During translation, which site on the ribosome is responsible for peptide bond formation?

A single mRNA molecule can only be translated once.

What happens to the DNA after RNA polymerase leaves during transcription?

The _____ strand of DNA serves as the template during transcription.

What is the primary purpose of the ribosome in translation?