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Questions and Answers
What is the role of topoisomerase in DNA replication?
What is the role of topoisomerase in DNA replication?
- It separates the DNA strands.
- It connects Okazaki fragments.
- It unwinds and relieves tension in supercoiled DNA. (correct)
- It synthesizes the leading strand continuously.
Which statement accurately describes the leading strand during DNA replication?
Which statement accurately describes the leading strand during DNA replication?
- It is synthesized in Okazaki fragments.
- It is synthesized continuously in the same direction as the replication fork. (correct)
- It is formed after the lagging strand synthesis.
- It contains no nucleotides added in the 3' to 5' direction.
What is the function of DNA ligase in the context of DNA replication?
What is the function of DNA ligase in the context of DNA replication?
- It adds nucleotides to the new complementary strand.
- It unwinds the DNA double helix.
- It separates the supercoiled DNA.
- It connects Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand. (correct)
Which enzyme is responsible for unwinding the DNA strands to form the replication fork?
Which enzyme is responsible for unwinding the DNA strands to form the replication fork?
In which direction does DNA Polymerase add nucleotides during DNA replication?
In which direction does DNA Polymerase add nucleotides during DNA replication?
Flashcards
Replication Fork
Replication Fork
The Y-shaped structure where DNA replication occurs. It's formed by the unwinding and separation of the two DNA strands.
Helicase
Helicase
An enzyme that unwinds and separates the two DNA strands, creating the replication fork. It acts like a zipper, separating the DNA helix so that replication can begin.
Leading Strand
Leading Strand
The new DNA strand synthesized continuously in the same direction as the replication fork. It's built smoothly and efficiently.
Lagging Strand
Lagging Strand
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Okazaki Fragments
Okazaki Fragments
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Study Notes
DNA Replication Overview
- DNA replication is the process of copying a chromosome (supercoiled DNA) to produce two identical DNA molecules.
- This is essential for cell division to ensure that each new daughter cell receives the same genetic information as the parent cell.
- The original DNA helix is called the parent DNA and each strand serves as a template for a new strand.
DNA Replication Steps
- Topoisomerase: An enzyme that loosens supercoiled DNA ahead of replication fork to allow access for enzymes.
- Helicase: An enzyme that unzips and separates the DNA by breaking the hydrogen bonds between nitrogenous bases, forming a Y-shaped structure called the replication fork.
- DNA Polymerase: The enzyme responsible for adding nucleotides one by one to the new growing complementary strand. It moves along the parent template strand in the 3' to 5' direction and can only add nucleotides to the 3' end of the new strand.
- Leading strand: Made continuously in the same direction as replication fork.
- Lagging strand: Made in small pieces (Okazaki fragments) in the opposite direction of the replication fork.
- DNA Ligase: An enzyme that connects the gaps between the Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand.
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