Y1S2 007 I Biochem DNA Replication Initiation

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What is the starting point of DNA replication?

Origin of replication
Replication Fork
The binding of RNA Primase
The unwinding of the two strands (correct)

What is the role of RNA Primase in DNA replication?

To bind to the DNA nucleotides of the 3'-5' strand (correct)
To synthesize DNA nucleotides
To read the template in 3'-5' direction
To remove RNA primers

What is the name of the DNA strand that is synthesized continuously?

Replication Fork
Leading strand (correct)
Okazaki fragments
Lagging strand

What is the direction in which DNA Polymerase reads the template?

3'-5' (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of DNA Pol I (exonuclease) in DNA replication?

To remove RNA primers (D) Signup and view all the answers

What are the fragments separated by a gap between two RNA primers called?

Okazaki fragments (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of messenger RNA (mRNA) in protein synthesis?

To provide the template for protein synthesis (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of ribosomal RNA (rRNA)?

To provide the structural component of the ribosome (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the direction of RNA synthesis during transcription?

5' to 3' (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the promoter sequence in DNA?

To bind to RNA polymerase and initiate transcription (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of RNA polymerase in transcription?

To recognize the start site of transcription and begin RNA synthesis (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the TATA sequence in DNA?

It tells the RNA polymerase where to start and in which direction to go (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main responsibility of the ribosome in a cell?

To translate mRNA into a protein (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the A site on the ribosome?

To bind to the tRNA holding the new amino acid to be added to the polypeptide chain (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the RNA molecule that carries an amino acid at one end and has a triplet of nucleotides at the other end?

tRNA (A) Signup and view all the answers

How many binding sites for RNA are present on the ribosome?

4 (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the E site on the ribosome?

To serve as a threshold for discharged tRNAs to leave the ribosome (B) Signup and view all the answers

What are the two subunits that make up a ribosome?

One small and one large (B) Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during the translation elongation process?

A peptide bond is formed between the incoming amino acid and the end of the polypeptide chain (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the tRNA in the A site during translation elongation?

To bring the next amino acid to the ribosome (A) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the tRNA at the P site during translation elongation?

It holds the peptide chain (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the release factors during translation termination?

To stimulate the release of the polypeptide chain (B) Signup and view all the answers

What occurs when the ribosome reaches the stop codon during translation?

The release factors bind to the ribosome (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the translation termination process?

The polypeptide chain is released from the ribosome (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the binding site of the phosphate group in a single strand of DNA?

Next nucleotide (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the ends of a DNA strand?

5' and 3' ends (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the base pairing rule in DNA?

Adenine pairs with Thymine, and Guanine pairs with Cytosine (A) Signup and view all the answers

If the percentage of Thymine in a DNA strand is 30%, what is the percentage of Cytosine?

40% (D) Signup and view all the answers

Why is DNA replication called 'semi-conservative'?

Because each new DNA strand is composed of both new and old nucleotides (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the enzyme that synthesizes the new DNA strand?

DNA Polymerase (A) Signup and view all the answers