Y1S2 007 I Biochem DNA Replication Initiation
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Questions and Answers

What is the starting point of DNA replication?

  • Origin of replication
  • Replication Fork
  • The binding of RNA Primase
  • The unwinding of the two strands (correct)

    • What is the role of RNA Primase in DNA replication?

  • To bind to the DNA nucleotides of the 3'-5' strand (correct)
  • To synthesize DNA nucleotides
  • To read the template in 3'-5' direction
  • To remove RNA primers

    • What is the name of the DNA strand that is synthesized continuously?

  • Replication Fork
  • Leading strand (correct)
  • Okazaki fragments
  • Lagging strand

    • What is the direction in which DNA Polymerase reads the template?

    <p>3'-5'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of DNA Pol I (exonuclease) in DNA replication?

    <p>To remove RNA primers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the fragments separated by a gap between two RNA primers called?

    <p>Okazaki fragments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of messenger RNA (mRNA) in protein synthesis?

    <p>To provide the template for protein synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of ribosomal RNA (rRNA)?

    <p>To provide the structural component of the ribosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the direction of RNA synthesis during transcription?

    <p>5' to 3'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the promoter sequence in DNA?

    <p>To bind to RNA polymerase and initiate transcription</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of RNA polymerase in transcription?

    <p>To recognize the start site of transcription and begin RNA synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the TATA sequence in DNA?

    <p>It tells the RNA polymerase where to start and in which direction to go</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main responsibility of the ribosome in a cell?

    <p>To translate mRNA into a protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the A site on the ribosome?

    <p>To bind to the tRNA holding the new amino acid to be added to the polypeptide chain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the RNA molecule that carries an amino acid at one end and has a triplet of nucleotides at the other end?

    <p>tRNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many binding sites for RNA are present on the ribosome?

    <p>4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the E site on the ribosome?

    <p>To serve as a threshold for discharged tRNAs to leave the ribosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two subunits that make up a ribosome?

    <p>One small and one large</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during the translation elongation process?

    <p>A peptide bond is formed between the incoming amino acid and the end of the polypeptide chain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the tRNA in the A site during translation elongation?

    <p>To bring the next amino acid to the ribosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the tRNA at the P site during translation elongation?

    <p>It holds the peptide chain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the release factors during translation termination?

    <p>To stimulate the release of the polypeptide chain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs when the ribosome reaches the stop codon during translation?

    <p>The release factors bind to the ribosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the translation termination process?

    <p>The polypeptide chain is released from the ribosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the binding site of the phosphate group in a single strand of DNA?

    <p>Next nucleotide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the ends of a DNA strand?

    <p>5' and 3' ends</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the base pairing rule in DNA?

    <p>Adenine pairs with Thymine, and Guanine pairs with Cytosine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the percentage of Thymine in a DNA strand is 30%, what is the percentage of Cytosine?

    <p>40%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is DNA replication called 'semi-conservative'?

    <p>Because each new DNA strand is composed of both new and old nucleotides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the enzyme that synthesizes the new DNA strand?

    <p>DNA Polymerase</p> Signup and view all the answers

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