30 Questions
What is the starting point of DNA replication?
The unwinding of the two strands
What is the role of RNA Primase in DNA replication?
To bind to the DNA nucleotides of the 3'-5' strand
What is the name of the DNA strand that is synthesized continuously?
Leading strand
What is the direction in which DNA Polymerase reads the template?
3'-5'
What is the role of DNA Pol I (exonuclease) in DNA replication?
To remove RNA primers
What are the fragments separated by a gap between two RNA primers called?
Okazaki fragments
What is the role of messenger RNA (mRNA) in protein synthesis?
To provide the template for protein synthesis
What is the main function of ribosomal RNA (rRNA)?
To provide the structural component of the ribosome
What is the direction of RNA synthesis during transcription?
5' to 3'
What is the function of the promoter sequence in DNA?
To bind to RNA polymerase and initiate transcription
What is the role of RNA polymerase in transcription?
To recognize the start site of transcription and begin RNA synthesis
What is the significance of the TATA sequence in DNA?
It tells the RNA polymerase where to start and in which direction to go
What is the main responsibility of the ribosome in a cell?
To translate mRNA into a protein
What is the function of the A site on the ribosome?
To bind to the tRNA holding the new amino acid to be added to the polypeptide chain
What is the name of the RNA molecule that carries an amino acid at one end and has a triplet of nucleotides at the other end?
tRNA
How many binding sites for RNA are present on the ribosome?
4
What is the function of the E site on the ribosome?
To serve as a threshold for discharged tRNAs to leave the ribosome
What are the two subunits that make up a ribosome?
One small and one large
What occurs during the translation elongation process?
A peptide bond is formed between the incoming amino acid and the end of the polypeptide chain
What is the role of the tRNA in the A site during translation elongation?
To bring the next amino acid to the ribosome
What happens to the tRNA at the P site during translation elongation?
It holds the peptide chain
What is the function of the release factors during translation termination?
To stimulate the release of the polypeptide chain
What occurs when the ribosome reaches the stop codon during translation?
The release factors bind to the ribosome
What is the result of the translation termination process?
The polypeptide chain is released from the ribosome
What is the binding site of the phosphate group in a single strand of DNA?
Next nucleotide
What is the term for the ends of a DNA strand?
5' and 3' ends
What is the base pairing rule in DNA?
Adenine pairs with Thymine, and Guanine pairs with Cytosine
If the percentage of Thymine in a DNA strand is 30%, what is the percentage of Cytosine?
40%
Why is DNA replication called 'semi-conservative'?
Because each new DNA strand is composed of both new and old nucleotides
What is the enzyme that synthesizes the new DNA strand?
DNA Polymerase
Learn about the initiation of DNA replication, including the unwinding of DNA strands, the role of RNA primase, and the formation of primers. Understand how the replication fork is created and the process of replication begins.
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