unit 2 cc7

DNA polymerase I, DNA polymerase II, and DNA polymerase III.

DNA repair and replication in prokaryotes.

DNA repair in eukaryotes.

<p>DNA polymerase III.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sealing the nicks in the sugar-phosphate backbone of DNA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Synthesizing short RNA primers that provide a 3' hydroxyl group to which DNA polymerase can add nucleotides.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Maintaining the ends of chromosomes (telomeres) and essential for the long-term survival of cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rolling circle replication, D-loop (mitochondrial) replication, and O(theta) mode of replication.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Type of replication used by some viruses where a single strand of DNA is circularized and replicated continuously.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Type of replication used by mitochondria where a strand of mitochondrial DNA invades a strand of circular DNA and displaces it, serving as a template for the synthesis of a new DNA strand.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Type of replication used by some bacteria, where two replication forks converge at a specific site on the chromosome, resulting in a structure resembling the Greek letter theta (Θ).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Helicases: unwind the double helix of DNA. Single-strand binding proteins (SSBs): bind to single-stranded DNA and prevent it from renaturing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>DNA replication is the process of copying the DNA molecule to produce two identical daughter molecules. It is a bidirectional process where replication forks move in opposite directions from a replication origin, and it is semi-conservative, meaning each daughter molecule contains one strand of the original DNA molecule and one newly synthesized strand. The leading strand is synthesized continuously, while the lagging strand is synthesized in short fragments called Okazaki fragments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bidirectional DNA replication involves replication forks moving in opposite directions from a replication origin, while unidirectional replication only involves replication in one direction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Semi-conservative replication is a process in which each daughter molecule of DNA contains one strand of the original DNA molecule and one newly synthesized strand.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Semi-discontinuous replication involves the leading strand being synthesized continuously in the 5' to 3' direction, while the lagging strand is synthesized in short fragments called Okazaki fragments in the 3' to 5' direction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Replication forks are Y-shaped structures that form during DNA replication and move in opposite directions from a replication origin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The leading strand is the strand that is synthesized continuously in the 5' to 3' direction during DNA replication.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Okazaki fragments are short fragments of DNA synthesized on the lagging strand during DNA replication.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A replication origin is a specific sequence of DNA that marks the start of DNA replication and serves as the site where replication forks begin to form.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A replication origin is a specific sequence of DNA that marks the start of DNA replication, where replication forks begin to form and move in opposite directions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>While the basic process of DNA replication is similar in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, there are differences in the organization of the DNA and the presence of certain proteins and enzymes involved in the process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The bidirectional nature of DNA replication allows for the efficient and timely synthesis of the entire DNA molecule, as replication can proceed in two directions simultaneously.</p> Signup and view all the answers