DNA Replication in Eukaryotes vs
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Questions and Answers

Which protein is responsible for re-assembly of nucleosomes after DNA replication?

  • DNA ligase (correct)
  • DNA helicase
  • DNA topoisomerase I
  • DNA primase

    • Which protein prevents chromosome end shortening?

  • DNA primase
  • DNA topoisomerase I
  • DNA helicase
  • Telomerase (correct)

    • Which protein is involved in the proof-reading function during DNA replication?

  • DNA primase
  • DNA topoisomerase I
  • DNA polymerase (correct)
  • DNA helicase

    • Which protein is responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix during replication?

    <p>DNA helicase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protein is involved in the formation of RNA primers during DNA replication?

    <p>DNA primase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protein is responsible for joining the Okazaki fragments during DNA replication?

    <p>DNA ligase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protein is responsible for relieving the torsional strain ahead of the replication fork?

    <p>DNA topoisomerase I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protein is responsible for adding nucleotides to the growing DNA strand during replication?

    <p>DNA polymerase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protein is responsible for initiating DNA replication at multiple origins in eukaryotes?

    <p>DNA primase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protein is responsible for resolving the DNA supercoiling during replication?

    <p>DNA topoisomerase I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true about DNA replication in prokaryotes?

    <p>There is only one origin of replication.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of DNA gyrase in prokaryotic DNA replication?

    <p>To unwind the DNA double helix during replication.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the size of the origin of replication in prokaryotes?

    <p>~245 nucleotides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many forks are formed during DNA replication in prokaryotes?

    <p>Two forks per DNA molecule.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Dna A and Dna B in prokaryotic DNA replication?

    <p>To initiate replication by binding to the origin of replication.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the size of the Okazaki fragments in prokaryotes?

    <p>~1000-2000 bases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true about DNA replication in eukaryotes?

    <p>The initiation of replication is mediated by the Origin Recognition Complex (ORC).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Topoisomerases in eukaryotic DNA replication?

    <p>To stabilize the DNA molecule during replication.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the size of the origin of replication in eukaryotes?

    <p>~150 nucleotides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many forks are formed during DNA replication in eukaryotes?

    <p>Two forks per DNA molecule.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a function of DNA Ligase?

    <p>Joining Okazaki Fragments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Topoisomerase II in DNA replication?

    <p>Relieving Tension in the DNA Helix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of telomeres?

    <p>They prevent DNA damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of DNA polymerase beta in DNA replication?

    <p>Repairing DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum number of origins required to replicate the human genome in an 8-hour S phase, assuming replication forks move at 50 nucleotides per second?

    <p>1000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum number of origins required to replicate the human genome if there are no time constraints?

    <p>1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of adding dideoxycytidine triphosphate (ddCTP) in large excess over the concentration of deoxycytidine triphosphate (dCTP) in a DNA replication reaction?

    <p>DNA synthesis would be inaccurate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of single-strand DNA binding protein in DNA replication?

    <p>Stabilizing Single-stranded DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following diseases is caused by defects in DNA replication and changes in chromatin structure?

    <p>Friedreich’s Ataxia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of telomerase?

    <p>It prevents telomere shortening</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    DNA Replication Proteins

    • The protein responsible for re-assembling nucleosomes after DNA replication is Chromatin Assembly Factor-1 (CAF-1).
    • The protein that prevents chromosome end shortening is Telomerase.
    • The protein involved in the proof-reading function during DNA replication is DNA Polymerase.
    • The protein responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix during replication is Helicase.
    • The protein involved in the formation of RNA primers during DNA replication is Primase.
    • The protein responsible for joining the Okazaki fragments during DNA replication is DNA Ligase.
    • The protein responsible for relieving the torsional strain ahead of the replication fork is Topoisomerase.
    • The protein responsible for adding nucleotides to the growing DNA strand during replication is DNA Polymerase.

    DNA Replication in Prokaryotes

    • DNA replication in prokaryotes is initiated at a single origin.
    • The function of DNA Gyrase in prokaryotic DNA replication is to relieve the torsional strain ahead of the replication fork.
    • The size of the origin of replication in prokaryotes is approximately 245 bp.
    • Two forks are formed during DNA replication in prokaryotes.
    • The function of Dna A and Dna B in prokaryotic DNA replication is to initiate and maintain the replication process.

    DNA Replication in Eukaryotes

    • DNA replication in eukaryotes is initiated at multiple origins.
    • The function of Topoisomerases in eukaryotic DNA replication is to relieve the torsional strain ahead of the replication fork.
    • The size of the origin of replication in eukaryotes varies, but is typically around 100-200 bp.
    • Multiple forks are formed during DNA replication in eukaryotes.

    Telomeres and Telomerase

    • Telomeres are repetitive DNA sequences (TTAGGG) that cap the ends of chromosomes, protecting them from degradation.
    • The function of Telomerase is to maintain telomere length by adding telomere repeats to the ends of chromosomes.
    • Telomerase is a characteristic of telomeres.
    • The function of DNA Ligase is to seal the gaps between Okazaki fragments.
    • The role of Topoisomerase II in DNA replication is to relieve the torsional strain ahead of the replication fork.
    • The function of DNA polymerase beta is to repair DNA damage.
    • The minimum number of origins required to replicate the human genome in an 8-hour S phase, assuming replication forks move at 50 nucleotides per second, is approximately 30,000.
    • The minimum number of origins required to replicate the human genome if there are no time constraints is approximately 2,500.
    • The consequence of adding dideoxycytidine triphosphate (ddCTP) in large excess over the concentration of deoxycytidine triphosphate (dCTP) in a DNA replication reaction is to terminate DNA synthesis.
    • The function of single-strand DNA binding protein in DNA replication is to stabilize the single-stranded DNA template.
    • Defects in DNA replication and changes in chromatin structure can cause diseases such as Bloom syndrome and Werner syndrome.

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    DNA Replication in Eukaryotes PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on DNA replication in eukaryotes and explore the differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Discover key factors such as the location, origins, initiation, and speed of replication in these two types of organisms.

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