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DNA Replication Flashcards
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DNA Replication Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

DNA Replication results in two DNA molecules ________________.

each with one new strand and one original strand.

Why is DNA replication said to be semiconservative?

A new double helix contains one old and one new strand.

In DNA, guanine always forms hydrogen bonds with what?

Cytosine

The process of _______ produces a new copy of an organism's genetic information.

<p>replication</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in the process of DNA replication?

<p>Unzip the DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is responsible for 'unzipping' the DNA double helix?

<p>Helicase</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is responsible for assembling the DNA during replication?

<p>DNA polymerase</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is DNA replication important to the growth and development of a multi-cellular organism?

<p>Daughter cells need a complete set of DNA to survive.</p> Signup and view all the answers

If 15% of a DNA sample is made of thymine (T), what percentage of the sample is made up of adenine (A)?

<p>15%</p> Signup and view all the answers

In DNA replication, each new double helix is composed of what?

<p>One old DNA strand and one new DNA strand</p> Signup and view all the answers

Replication occurs as each base is paired with another exactly like it.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does DNA stand for?

<p>Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

DNA is a ______________________.

<p>Polymer, which means that it is made up of many repeating single units called monomers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are monomers?

<p>Nucleotides</p> Signup and view all the answers

The backbone of the DNA molecule is made up of two alternating components, what are these?

<p>Deoxyribose and phosphate</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the names of the four different bases in DNA?

<p>Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine</p> Signup and view all the answers

Purines have _________ ring(s) in their structure, and pyrimidines have __________ ring(s) in their structure.

<p>double; single</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which two bases are purines?

<p>Adenine and Guanine</p> Signup and view all the answers

Adenine and guanine are comprised of 2 rings.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The two bases that are pyrimidines are?

<p>Thymine and Cytosine</p> Signup and view all the answers

Thymine and cytosine are made up of 1 ring.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Based on this information, scientists could predict that the base ________ pairs with ________ and the base ________ pairs with _______ in the formation of the DNA molecule.

<p>Adenine; Thymine; Cytosine; Guanine</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are complementary base pairs?

<p>Where one strand of DNA is complementary to the other strand.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The bases are paired by ______________________________ bonds along the axis of the molecule.

<p>Hydrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

DNA Replication Overview

  • Results in two DNA molecules, each containing one new strand and one original strand.
  • Described as semiconservative because each new double helix has one old and one new strand.

Base Pairing

  • In DNA, guanine pairs exclusively with cytosine through hydrogen bonding.
  • Adenine pairs with thymine, forming key complementary base pairs necessary for DNA structure.

Key Processes in DNA Replication

  • Replication: Produces new copies of an organism's genetic information for cellular division.
  • First step involves unzipping the DNA, preparing it for replication.
  • Helicase enzyme is responsible for unzipping the DNA double helix.
  • DNA polymerase assembles the new DNA strands during replication.

Importance of DNA Replication

  • Essential for the growth and development of multicellular organisms; daughter cells require complete sets of DNA for survival.

Calculation of Base Composition

  • If 15% of a DNA sample consists of thymine (T), the same percentage (15%) applies to adenine (A) due to complementary pairing.

Structure of DNA

  • Each new double helix consists of one old strand and one newly synthesized strand.
  • Incorrect statement about replication: identical bases pairing with one another.
  • DNA stands for Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid, which consists of polymer structures formed from nucleotides.

Nucleotide Components

  • Nucleotides serve as the monomers of DNA.
  • DNA backbone comprises deoxyribose and phosphate groups.

DNA Bases and Variations

  • Four bases in DNA: adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine.
  • Bases categorized into two types:
    • Purines: adenine and guanine (double-ring structures).
    • Pyrimidines: thymine and cytosine (single-ring structures).

Base Pairing and Connectivity

  • Predictable pairing of bases: adenine pairs with thymine, and cytosine pairs with guanine.
  • The DNA strands are complementary, ensuring proper base pairing.
  • Base pairs linked by hydrogen bonds, contributing to DNA's stability and structure.

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