Questions and Answers
DNA Replication results in two DNA molecules ________________.
each with one new strand and one original strand.
Why is DNA replication said to be semiconservative?
A new double helix contains one old and one new strand.
In DNA, guanine always forms hydrogen bonds with what?
Cytosine
The process of _______ produces a new copy of an organism's genetic information.
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What is the first step in the process of DNA replication?
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Which enzyme is responsible for 'unzipping' the DNA double helix?
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Which enzyme is responsible for assembling the DNA during replication?
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Why is DNA replication important to the growth and development of a multi-cellular organism?
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If 15% of a DNA sample is made of thymine (T), what percentage of the sample is made up of adenine (A)?
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In DNA replication, each new double helix is composed of what?
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Replication occurs as each base is paired with another exactly like it.
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What does DNA stand for?
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DNA is a ______________________.
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What are monomers?
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The backbone of the DNA molecule is made up of two alternating components, what are these?
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What are the names of the four different bases in DNA?
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Purines have _________ ring(s) in their structure, and pyrimidines have __________ ring(s) in their structure.
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Which two bases are purines?
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Adenine and guanine are comprised of 2 rings.
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The two bases that are pyrimidines are?
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Thymine and cytosine are made up of 1 ring.
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Based on this information, scientists could predict that the base ________ pairs with ________ and the base ________ pairs with _______ in the formation of the DNA molecule.
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What are complementary base pairs?
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The bases are paired by ______________________________ bonds along the axis of the molecule.
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Study Notes
DNA Replication Overview
- Results in two DNA molecules, each containing one new strand and one original strand.
- Described as semiconservative because each new double helix has one old and one new strand.
Base Pairing
- In DNA, guanine pairs exclusively with cytosine through hydrogen bonding.
- Adenine pairs with thymine, forming key complementary base pairs necessary for DNA structure.
Key Processes in DNA Replication
- Replication: Produces new copies of an organism's genetic information for cellular division.
- First step involves unzipping the DNA, preparing it for replication.
- Helicase enzyme is responsible for unzipping the DNA double helix.
- DNA polymerase assembles the new DNA strands during replication.
Importance of DNA Replication
- Essential for the growth and development of multicellular organisms; daughter cells require complete sets of DNA for survival.
Calculation of Base Composition
- If 15% of a DNA sample consists of thymine (T), the same percentage (15%) applies to adenine (A) due to complementary pairing.
Structure of DNA
- Each new double helix consists of one old strand and one newly synthesized strand.
- Incorrect statement about replication: identical bases pairing with one another.
- DNA stands for Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid, which consists of polymer structures formed from nucleotides.
Nucleotide Components
- Nucleotides serve as the monomers of DNA.
- DNA backbone comprises deoxyribose and phosphate groups.
DNA Bases and Variations
- Four bases in DNA: adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine.
- Bases categorized into two types:
- Purines: adenine and guanine (double-ring structures).
- Pyrimidines: thymine and cytosine (single-ring structures).
Base Pairing and Connectivity
- Predictable pairing of bases: adenine pairs with thymine, and cytosine pairs with guanine.
- The DNA strands are complementary, ensuring proper base pairing.
- Base pairs linked by hydrogen bonds, contributing to DNA's stability and structure.
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