DNA Replication Directionality

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Questions and Answers

Which enzyme is responsible for unwinding the DNA strands to form the replication fork?

  • Primase
  • Ligase
  • DNA helicase (correct)
  • DNA polymerase

In DNA replication, adenine (A) pairs with:

  • Uracil (U)
  • Thymine (T) (correct)
  • Cytosine (C)
  • Guanine (G)

What is the term used to describe the process where each parental DNA strand serves as a template for a new complementary DNA strand?

  • Semi-conservative replication (correct)
  • Discontinuous replication
  • Bidirectional replication
  • Conservative replication

Which of the following best describes the orientation of DNA strands in the replication fork?

<p>One strand is 5' to 3' and the other is 3' to 5' (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is responsible for creating RNA primers during DNA replication?

<p>DNA primase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In DNA replication, cytosine (C) pairs with:

<p>Guanine (G) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is the main replication enzyme in bacteria like E.coli?

<p>Polymerase III (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of DNA primase in replication?

<p>Initiates the synthesis of RNA primers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In DNA replication, which direction does elongation occur?

<p>5' to 3' on the leading strand and 3' to 5' on the lagging strand (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which DNA polymerase is responsible for error checking and repair in bacteria?

<p>Polymerase IV (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the primer in DNA replication?

<p>Provides a starting point for DNA replication (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important for replication to progress in the 5' to 3' direction?

<p>It ensures accurate copying of genetic information (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is responsible for maintaining telomere length in germ cells, stem cells, and cancer cells?

<p>Telomerase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the CA-rich RNA template in the telomerase complex?

<p>Acts as a primer for DNA synthesis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which direction does the reverse transcriptase in the telomerase complex synthesize DNA?

<p>5' to 3' (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do telomeres shorten with each cell division in normal somatic cells?

<p>Inability to fill the gap at 5'-end (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when telomeres are shortened beyond a critical length in somatic cells?

<p>Cell enters senescence (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process leads to a loop structure stabilized by protein at the 3'-end of the single-stranded DNA region?

<p>Telomere elongation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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