DNA Replication Directionality

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Which enzyme is responsible for unwinding the DNA strands to form the replication fork?

Primase

Ligase

DNA helicase (correct)

DNA polymerase

In DNA replication, adenine (A) pairs with:

Uracil (U)

Thymine (T) (correct)

Cytosine (C)

Guanine (G)

What is the term used to describe the process where each parental DNA strand serves as a template for a new complementary DNA strand?

Semi-conservative replication (correct)

Discontinuous replication

Bidirectional replication

Conservative replication

Which of the following best describes the orientation of DNA strands in the replication fork?

One strand is 5' to 3' and the other is 3' to 5' Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is responsible for creating RNA primers during DNA replication?

DNA primase Signup and view all the answers

In DNA replication, cytosine (C) pairs with:

Guanine (G) Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is the main replication enzyme in bacteria like E.coli?

Polymerase III Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of DNA primase in replication?

Initiates the synthesis of RNA primers Signup and view all the answers

In DNA replication, which direction does elongation occur?

5' to 3' on the leading strand and 3' to 5' on the lagging strand Signup and view all the answers

Which DNA polymerase is responsible for error checking and repair in bacteria?

Polymerase IV Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the primer in DNA replication?

Provides a starting point for DNA replication Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important for replication to progress in the 5' to 3' direction?

It ensures accurate copying of genetic information Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is responsible for maintaining telomere length in germ cells, stem cells, and cancer cells?

Telomerase Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the CA-rich RNA template in the telomerase complex?

Acts as a primer for DNA synthesis Signup and view all the answers

In which direction does the reverse transcriptase in the telomerase complex synthesize DNA?

5' to 3' Signup and view all the answers

Why do telomeres shorten with each cell division in normal somatic cells?

Inability to fill the gap at 5'-end Signup and view all the answers

What happens when telomeres are shortened beyond a critical length in somatic cells?

Cell enters senescence Signup and view all the answers

Which process leads to a loop structure stabilized by protein at the 3'-end of the single-stranded DNA region?

Telomere elongation Signup and view all the answers