DNA Replication and DNA Polymerase Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which enzyme catalyzes DNA synthesis?

  • DNA polymerase (correct)
  • RNA polymerase
  • DNA ligase
  • Primase

    • How does DNA polymerase work during DNA synthesis?

  • It requires a 5' end to extend from. (correct)
  • It can add RNA nucleotides one at a time using the parental DNA as a template.
  • It adds dNTPs to the 5' end of a growing DNA chain.
  • It works in both the 5' → 3' and 3' → 5' directions on a single-stranded template.

    • What is the role of primase in DNA replication?

  • Forms a ring around the DNA
  • Adds RNA nucleotides one at a time using the parental DNA as a template (correct)
  • Joins Okazaki fragments together
  • Catalyzes the formation of the replication fork

    • What is the function of primase in DNA replication?

    <p>Synthesizes new RNA primers on the lagging strand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of DNA replication, what is the function of DNA polymerase III?

    <p>Synthesizes short fragments of DNA along the lagging strand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when telomeres are shortened to a threshold length in somatic cells?

    <p>Further cell divisions are shut down</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty aim to determine in their experiment?

    <p>Whether DNA or RNA was responsible for the transformation of S.pneumoniae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the Hershey–Chase experiment, which radioactive isotope was used to label phage protein?

    <p>Radioactive sulfur (35S)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is found in the pellet after centrifugation in Experiment Batch 1 of the Hershey–Chase experiment?

    <p>Radioactive protein (phage protein)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At which sites does replication begin, leading to the formation of a replication bubble?

    <p>Origins of replication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    DNA Synthesis and Replication

    • DNA polymerase catalyzes DNA synthesis.
    • During DNA synthesis, DNA polymerase works by adding nucleotides to a primer sequence, matching the base pairing rules, and proofreading for errors.

    Primase Role

    • Primase is responsible for synthesizing short RNA primers in DNA replication.
    • The function of primase is to provide a starting point for DNA polymerase to begin synthesizing new DNA strands.

    DNA Polymerase III

    • DNA polymerase III is the primary enzyme responsible for DNA synthesis during DNA replication in prokaryotes.

    Telomeres

    • When telomeres are shortened to a threshold length in somatic cells, the cell becomes senescent or undergoes programmed cell death (apoptosis).

    Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty Experiment

    • Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty aimed to determine whether DNA or protein is responsible for the transformation of bacteria in their experiment.

    Hershey-Chase Experiment

    • The Hershey–Chase experiment used radioactive sulfur (35S) to label phage protein and radioactive phosphorus (32P) to label phage DNA.
    • In Experiment Batch 1 of the Hershey–Chase experiment, the pellet after centrifugation contains phage protein and membranes, while the supernatant contains phage DNA.

    Replication Initiation

    • Replication begins at specific sites called origins of replication, leading to the formation of a replication bubble.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of DNA replication and DNA polymerase with this quiz. Explore concepts such as the origin of replication, parental and daughter strands, double-stranded DNA molecule, replication fork, DNA synthesis, and DNA polymerase types.

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