10 Questions
Which enzyme catalyzes DNA synthesis?
DNA polymerase
How does DNA polymerase work during DNA synthesis?
It requires a 5' end to extend from.
What is the role of primase in DNA replication?
Adds RNA nucleotides one at a time using the parental DNA as a template
What is the function of primase in DNA replication?
Synthesizes new RNA primers on the lagging strand
In the context of DNA replication, what is the function of DNA polymerase III?
Synthesizes short fragments of DNA along the lagging strand
What happens when telomeres are shortened to a threshold length in somatic cells?
Further cell divisions are shut down
What did Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty aim to determine in their experiment?
Whether DNA or RNA was responsible for the transformation of S.pneumoniae
In the Hershey–Chase experiment, which radioactive isotope was used to label phage protein?
Radioactive sulfur (35S)
What is found in the pellet after centrifugation in Experiment Batch 1 of the Hershey–Chase experiment?
Radioactive protein (phage protein)
At which sites does replication begin, leading to the formation of a replication bubble?
Origins of replication
Study Notes
DNA Synthesis and Replication
- DNA polymerase catalyzes DNA synthesis.
- During DNA synthesis, DNA polymerase works by adding nucleotides to a primer sequence, matching the base pairing rules, and proofreading for errors.
Primase Role
- Primase is responsible for synthesizing short RNA primers in DNA replication.
- The function of primase is to provide a starting point for DNA polymerase to begin synthesizing new DNA strands.
DNA Polymerase III
- DNA polymerase III is the primary enzyme responsible for DNA synthesis during DNA replication in prokaryotes.
Telomeres
- When telomeres are shortened to a threshold length in somatic cells, the cell becomes senescent or undergoes programmed cell death (apoptosis).
Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty Experiment
- Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty aimed to determine whether DNA or protein is responsible for the transformation of bacteria in their experiment.
Hershey-Chase Experiment
- The Hershey–Chase experiment used radioactive sulfur (35S) to label phage protein and radioactive phosphorus (32P) to label phage DNA.
- In Experiment Batch 1 of the Hershey–Chase experiment, the pellet after centrifugation contains phage protein and membranes, while the supernatant contains phage DNA.
Replication Initiation
- Replication begins at specific sites called origins of replication, leading to the formation of a replication bubble.
Test your knowledge of DNA replication and DNA polymerase with this quiz. Explore concepts such as the origin of replication, parental and daughter strands, double-stranded DNA molecule, replication fork, DNA synthesis, and DNA polymerase types.
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