18 Questions
What is the primary mode of movement for transposable elements?
Cut-and-paste mechanism
How do some transposable elements differ in their movement?
By utilizing an RNA intermediate
What is a characteristic of relics of mobile genetic elements?
They have acquired mutations and are incapable of moving
How do viruses primarily move between cells?
RNA intermediates
What is the composition of about half of the human genome?
Repeated sequences from mobile genetic elements
Which type of recombination does not require the alignment of homologous chromosomes?
Site-specific recombination
What is the main characteristic of insertion sequences?
Consist of short repeated sequences at each end
Which type of transposition involves the excision of the transposon via cuts on each side and its movement to a new location?
Direct transposition
What is the primary difference between simple transposons and complex transposons?
Simple transposons contain only sequences required for transposition, while complex ones contain additional genes.
What happens to the target-site sequence during replicative transposition?
It becomes duplicated through DNA replication
Which enzyme promotes the process of transposition by facilitating the movement of DNA sequences?
Transposase
What type of cut is made at the target site during the insertion of a transposon?
Staggered cut
What is the primary mechanism cells use to fix a broken chromosome?
Non-Homologous End Joining (NHEJ)
During homologous recombination, what is used as a template in repair and meiotic crossover?
One strand of a chromosome
In site-specific genetic recombination, what nucleophilic group attacks the phosphodiester bond at the cleavage site?
Tyrosine hydroxyl group
What is formed when cleaved DNAs are rejoined during site-specific recombination?
Holliday intermediate
What determines the outcome of site-specific genetic recombination?
The location and orientation of the recombination sites
If two recombination sites are on the same DNA molecule and have the same orientation, what is the likely outcome?
Insertion
Test your knowledge on concepts related to DNA recombination and metabolism such as non-homologous end joining, homologous recombination, site-specific recombination, transposons, retrotransposons, immunoglobulin genes, and more.
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