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DNA Organization and Replication

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Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of replicating DNA in a cell?

To increase the visibility of the cell
To deactivate the DNA molecules
To reduce the length of DNA molecules
To produce proteins for cellular functions (correct)

Where are eukaryotic chromosomes housed?

Inside the nucleus (correct)
Within the nucleoid
In the cytoplasm
Outside the cell membrane

What is the function of the nucleoid in prokaryotic cells?

To deactivate the genetic material
To package DNA in specific ways
To produce colorful dyes
To protect the DNA (correct)

Why are chromosomes called 'chromosomes'?

Because they strongly stain with colorful dyes (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate length of DNA molecules in a single human cell?

2 meters (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of DNA packaging in a cell?

To fit and function within the cell structure (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following components are found in each chromosome?

Protein and a single molecule of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the size of the genome in Escherichia coli?

4.6 million base pairs (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of plasmids in prokaryotes?

They carry additional genes such as resistance to antibiotic (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Heat unstable protein (HU) in prokaryotes?

It binds non-specifically to DNA and bends it (B) Signup and view all the answers

'Episome' refers to

The integrated plasmid (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process introduced by topoisomerases to wind up DNA on itself and become more compacted?

Positive supercoiling (A) Signup and view all the answers

'Chromatin' refers to

The packaging of DNA by histones in eukaryotic cells (A) Signup and view all the answers

'Histones' perform various levels of DNA wrapping and attachment to scaffolding proteins in order to form:

'Nucleosome' (B) Signup and view all the answers

'Epigenetics' refers to the influence of environmental factors on:

'DNA packaging' (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of organisms have typically linear chromosomes and contain multiple distinct chromosomes?

Eukaryotes (B) Signup and view all the answers