DNA Mutations and Cancer: Small-Scale Mutations

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

What is the primary consequence of a frameshift mutation?

The translation process accelerates

The gene sequence remains intact

The reading frame is shifted, leading to incorrect codon parsing (correct)

The protein becomes longer

How are insertions and deletions related to frameshift mutations?

Insertions and deletions are unrelated to frameshift mutations

Insertions never lead to frameshift mutations

Deletions only cause frameshift mutations

Both insertions and deletions can result in frameshift mutations (correct)

What analogy is used to describe a deletion mutation?

Erasing a letter in a word (correct)

Adding punctuation to a sentence

Removing a stop sign from a sentence

Adding a word to a sentence

How does a nonsense mutation impact the translation process?

Leads to a premature stop in translation Signup and view all the answers

Which type of mutation can result in a nonfunctional protein?

Frameshift mutations Signup and view all the answers

How do insertions differ from deletions in terms of impact on genetic message reading frame?

Insertions always cause frameshift mutations, while deletions do not Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of a frameshift mutation occurring near the end of a gene?

The resulting protein is likely to be nonfunctional. Signup and view all the answers

In sickle-cell disease, which specific type of mutation affects the hemoglobin protein?

Point mutation Signup and view all the answers

How do insertions and deletions outside of coding regions impact gene function?

These changes still significantly influence how genes function. Signup and view all the answers

What happens when a specific point mutation in DNA results in the substitution of an adenine base with thymine?

Alteration of the amino acid sequence in a protein Signup and view all the answers

How do missense mutations differ from nonsense mutations?

Missense mutations alter one amino acid in a protein. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the consequences of extensive missense mutations?

Amino acids are substituted in the protein. Signup and view all the answers

What type of mutation involves adding or removing nucleotide pairs, like editing a sentence by adding or deleting words?

Insertions and Deletions Signup and view all the answers

Which type of small-scale mutation is described as changing a single nucleotide pair, similar to swapping a single letter in a word?

Substitutions Signup and view all the answers

A substitution mutation that changes 3′@CCG@5′ to 3′@CCA@5′ results in what mRNA codon after the change?

GGU Signup and view all the answers

Which type of mutation does not change the protein's appearance and can sometimes occur outside genes as well?

Silent Mutations Signup and view all the answers

A missense mutation is characterized by what change in the protein?

Replacement of one amino acid with another Signup and view all the answers

DNA Mutations and Cancer: Small-Scale Mutations

Podcast Beta

Questions and Answers