17 Questions
What is the primary consequence of a frameshift mutation?
The reading frame is shifted, leading to incorrect codon parsing
How are insertions and deletions related to frameshift mutations?
Both insertions and deletions can result in frameshift mutations
What analogy is used to describe a deletion mutation?
Erasing a letter in a word
How does a nonsense mutation impact the translation process?
Leads to a premature stop in translation
Which type of mutation can result in a nonfunctional protein?
Frameshift mutations
How do insertions differ from deletions in terms of impact on genetic message reading frame?
Insertions always cause frameshift mutations, while deletions do not
What is the consequence of a frameshift mutation occurring near the end of a gene?
The resulting protein is likely to be nonfunctional.
In sickle-cell disease, which specific type of mutation affects the hemoglobin protein?
Point mutation
How do insertions and deletions outside of coding regions impact gene function?
These changes still significantly influence how genes function.
What happens when a specific point mutation in DNA results in the substitution of an adenine base with thymine?
Alteration of the amino acid sequence in a protein
How do missense mutations differ from nonsense mutations?
Missense mutations alter one amino acid in a protein.
Which of the following best describes the consequences of extensive missense mutations?
Amino acids are substituted in the protein.
What type of mutation involves adding or removing nucleotide pairs, like editing a sentence by adding or deleting words?
Insertions and Deletions
Which type of small-scale mutation is described as changing a single nucleotide pair, similar to swapping a single letter in a word?
Substitutions
A substitution mutation that changes 3′@CCG@5′ to 3′@CCA@5′ results in what mRNA codon after the change?
GGU
Which type of mutation does not change the protein's appearance and can sometimes occur outside genes as well?
Silent Mutations
A missense mutation is characterized by what change in the protein?
Replacement of one amino acid with another
Learn about how small-scale mutations in DNA can impact gene products and contribute to cancer development. Explore the two types of small-scale mutations - substitutions and insertions/deletions - and their effects on the genetic code.
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