DNA Manipulation: Enzymes, CRISPR, PCR, and GMOs

Which enzyme is used to catalyze the formation of a phosphodiester bond between two DNA fragments?

A scientist wants to amplify a specific segment of DNA. Which technique should they use?

Which of the following accurately describes the function of endonucleases?

After cutting a DNA sequence with a specific restriction enzyme, a researcher notices the DNA fragments have overhanging ends. What are these ends called?

Which of the following is true regarding blunt end ligation?

What role does reverse transcriptase play in molecular biology?

In gel electrophoresis, what property of DNA allows it to be separated?

During electrophoresis, what causes the separated DNA fragments to move through the gel?

What is ethidium bromide used for in gel electrophoresis?

What is the term for a segment of DNA used to locate a specific, complementary sequence?

What is the primary difference between nuclear DNA and mitochondrial DNA used for identification?

What are Short Tandem Repeats (STRs)?

What is required for a individual to be defined as a GMO?

Herbicide-resistant crops were first altered to be uneffected by which herbicide?

Which of the following crops produces a natural pesticide?

Which of the following explains Gene Cloning?

What describes a recombinant plasmid?

What main 2 factors are used to form recombinant Plasmids?

What does bacterial transformation achieve?

One way recombinant plasmids into bacterial cells is low, bacteria can be increased through several steps, which of the following is not one of those steps?

What is indicated when bacterial colonies appear white when grown on X-gal after transformation?

Which of the following is an example of a recombinant protein that can be used to to produce human insluin?

Which phrase describes the end result of Electroporation?

The development of GMOs may involve the silencing of a gene, what does that achieve?

When an engineer is identifying a transgenic organism, that determines that it is transgenic?

Golden Rice is known for increased levels of which important vitamin?

Which vector is responsible used to ingeneer the gox gene in canola plants to create Resistant Roundup canola??

What type of insecticide is the cry1Ac gene?

CRISPR uses what to precisely change part of a genome by completing actions such as removing or editing sections?

What did Barrangou and his team identify as the role of CRISPR-Cas9 in bacteria?

Which component of the CRISPR-Cas9 system acts as a guide, directing the complex to the specific target DNA sequence?

What is the natural function of CRISPR-Cas9 system in bacteria?

Before the use of CRSPR or more modern methods, what did early genetic manipulations use to inject cells with?

In the CRISPR-Cas9 system, what role does the PAM (protospacer adjacent motif) sequence play?

Why is it important to consider whether DNA is circular or linear when determining the number of fragments produced after restriction enzyme digestion?

What feature of bacterial cells is most critical to their use in recombinant DNA technology for producing human proteins?

In which of the following scenarios would mtDNA analysis be most advantageous over nuclear DNA analysis?