DNA Flashcards
9 Questions
100 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is a nucleotide?

  • A subunit that consists of a sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogenous base (correct)
  • An enzyme that catalyzes DNA synthesis
  • A shape of DNA
  • A virus that infects bacteria

What is a nitrogenous base?

An organic base that contains nitrogen, such as a purine or pyrimidine.

What is the shape of DNA?

Double helix

What is DNA polymerase?

<p>An enzyme that catalyzes the elongation of new DNA at a replication fork.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a bacteriophage?

<p>A virus that infects bacteria.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The nucleotide in DNA consists of a sugar (deoxyribose), one of four bases, and a phosphate.

<p>cytosine (C), thymine (T), adenine (A), guanine (G)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the base pairing rules in DNA?

<p>A pairs with T, C pairs with G</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the monomers of DNA?

<p>Nucleotides</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are the four different types of nucleotides?

<p>Thymine (T) (A), Guanine (G) (B), Adenine (A) (C), Cytosine (C) (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Key Terms and Definitions

  • Nucleotide: Basic subunit of nucleic acids; composed of a sugar, phosphate, and nitrogenous base.
  • Nitrogenous Base: Organic compounds containing nitrogen; includes purines (adenine, guanine) and pyrimidines (cytosine, thymine).
  • Double Helix: The structural shape of DNA, resembling a twisted ladder.

DNA Structure

  • DNA Polymerase: Enzyme that facilitates DNA replication by adding nucleotides at the replication fork.
  • Bacteriophage: Type of virus specifically targeting bacteria.

Composition of Nucleotides

  • Each DNA nucleotide is formed of:
    • Sugar: Deoxyribose
    • Bases: One of four types—adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), guanine (G).
    • Phosphate Group: Forms part of the DNA backbone.
  • Nucleoside: Combination of sugar and nitrogenous base.

DNA Molecule Structure

  • DNA is categorized as a macromolecule, having a complex structure formed from smaller subunits (nucleotides).
  • Appearance: Twisted rope ladder (double helix), with consistent sides (sugar-phosphate backbone) and varying rungs (base pairs).
  • Base pairs:
    • Adenine (A) pairs with Thymine (T)
    • Cytosine (C) pairs with Guanine (G)
  • Variability of rungs encodes genetic information.

Base Pairing Rules

  • Adenine (A) with Thymine (T): A purine always pairs with a pyrimidine.
  • Cytosine (C) with Guanine (G): Consistent pairing due to chemical affinity.

Monomer Details

  • Nucleotide Composition:
    • 5-carbon sugar: Deoxyribose
    • Phosphate group
    • Nitrogenous base (A, T, G, C)
  • Nucleotides connect to form the DNA backbone and dictate structure through specific base pairing, resulting in the iconic double-helix shape.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Description

Test your knowledge of DNA with these flashcards covering key terms. Each card provides essential definitions of important components of DNA such as nucleotides and nitrogenous bases. Perfect for anyone studying molecular biology!

More Like This

Biology Chapter 12 Flashcards
31 questions
Molecular Basis of Genetics Quiz
16 questions

Molecular Basis of Genetics Quiz

WorldFamousThermodynamics avatar
WorldFamousThermodynamics
Genetics Terminology Quiz
23 questions

Genetics Terminology Quiz

SurrealModernism3752 avatar
SurrealModernism3752
Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Browser