Podcast
Questions and Answers
What are the two categories of DNA damage faced by the cell?
What are the two categories of DNA damage faced by the cell?
- Internal and external
- Reactive and chemical
- Metabolic and radiation
- Endogenous and exogenous (correct)
Which factors initiate the DNA damage response (DDR) after the DNA is damaged?
Which factors initiate the DNA damage response (DDR) after the DNA is damaged?
- Lesion-specific sensor proteins (correct)
- Repair enzymes
- Metabolic intermediates
- DNA replication errors
What are the majority of the endogenous DNA damage caused by?
What are the majority of the endogenous DNA damage caused by?
- DNA replication errors
- Metabolic intermediates
- Hydrolytic and oxidative reactions (correct)
- Reactive radicals
Which agents can cause exogenous DNA damage?
Which agents can cause exogenous DNA damage?
What is the DDR in response to DNA damage?
What is the DDR in response to DNA damage?
What happens to DDR factors after DNA damage occurs?
What happens to DDR factors after DNA damage occurs?
Which category do DNA repair mechanisms fall into?
Which category do DNA repair mechanisms fall into?
What is the first step in most DNA repair processes?
What is the first step in most DNA repair processes?
Which enzyme catalyzes the repair of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers in DNA exposed to UV radiation?
Which enzyme catalyzes the repair of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers in DNA exposed to UV radiation?
What facilitates the restoration of the normal double-bonded structure of monomeric pyrimidines during enzymatic photoreactivation?
What facilitates the restoration of the normal double-bonded structure of monomeric pyrimidines during enzymatic photoreactivation?
Which enzyme is responsible for the repair of O6-alkylguanine in DNA?
Which enzyme is responsible for the repair of O6-alkylguanine in DNA?
What happens when a single molecule of the O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase enzyme accepts a single alkyl group?
What happens when a single molecule of the O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase enzyme accepts a single alkyl group?
Which pathway is classified as short-patch repair, involving the replacement of only 1 nucleotide?
Which pathway is classified as short-patch repair, involving the replacement of only 1 nucleotide?
Which specific type of alkyl groups is transferred from the reactive sites in the nitrogenous bases to a cysteine acceptor site in the O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase enzyme?
Which specific type of alkyl groups is transferred from the reactive sites in the nitrogenous bases to a cysteine acceptor site in the O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase enzyme?
Which specific DNA lesions are restored to their normal monomeric state through enzymatic photoreactivation?
Which specific DNA lesions are restored to their normal monomeric state through enzymatic photoreactivation?
What is the enzyme that catalyzes a single-step reaction for repairing O6-alkylguanine or O4-alkylthymine?
What is the enzyme that catalyzes a single-step reaction for repairing O6-alkylguanine or O4-alkylthymine?
What initiates the DNA damage response (DDR) after DNA damage occurs?
What initiates the DNA damage response (DDR) after DNA damage occurs?
Which category of DNA damage arises from the chemically active DNA engaging in hydrolytic and oxidative reactions with water and reactive oxygen species (ROS)?
Which category of DNA damage arises from the chemically active DNA engaging in hydrolytic and oxidative reactions with water and reactive oxygen species (ROS)?
What are the regulatory mechanisms involved in the recruitment of DDR factors at the site of DNA damage referred to as?
What are the regulatory mechanisms involved in the recruitment of DDR factors at the site of DNA damage referred to as?
Which enzyme catalyzes the repair of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers in DNA exposed to UV radiation?
Which enzyme catalyzes the repair of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers in DNA exposed to UV radiation?
What is the collection of mechanisms that sense DNA damage, signal its presence, and promote subsequent repair referred to as?
What is the collection of mechanisms that sense DNA damage, signal its presence, and promote subsequent repair referred to as?
Which agents can cause exogenous DNA damage?
Which agents can cause exogenous DNA damage?
Which type of DNA repair mechanism involves a series of photochemical reactions that destroy the cyclobutane ring and restore the normal double-bonded structure of monomeric pyrimidines?
Which type of DNA repair mechanism involves a series of photochemical reactions that destroy the cyclobutane ring and restore the normal double-bonded structure of monomeric pyrimidines?
What is the specific site to which alkyl (methyl or ethyl) groups are transferred during the repair of O6-alkylguanine or O4-alkylthymine in DNA?
What is the specific site to which alkyl (methyl or ethyl) groups are transferred during the repair of O6-alkylguanine or O4-alkylthymine in DNA?
Which repair mechanism is classified into two sub-pathways: short-patch repair and long patch repair?
Which repair mechanism is classified into two sub-pathways: short-patch repair and long patch repair?
What is the enzyme responsible for the repair of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers in DNA exposed to UV radiation?
What is the enzyme responsible for the repair of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers in DNA exposed to UV radiation?
What is the specific nitrogenous base that becomes alkylated at various reactive sites after exposure to synthetic alkylating agents?
What is the specific nitrogenous base that becomes alkylated at various reactive sites after exposure to synthetic alkylating agents?
Which category of DNA damage does repair mechanisms for O6-alkylguanine and O4-alkylthymine fall under?
Which category of DNA damage does repair mechanisms for O6-alkylguanine and O4-alkylthymine fall under?
What is the main function of DNA repair pathways?
What is the main function of DNA repair pathways?
Which pathway involves the replacement of 2-13 nucleotides during the repair process?
Which pathway involves the replacement of 2-13 nucleotides during the repair process?
Which enzyme catalyzes the reaction for repairing O6-alkylguanine or O4-alkylthymine with no cofactor requirement?
Which enzyme catalyzes the reaction for repairing O6-alkylguanine or O4-alkylthymine with no cofactor requirement?
Which enzyme is involved in the repair mechanism that restores alkylated guanine to its original state?
Which enzyme is involved in the repair mechanism that restores alkylated guanine to its original state?
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