Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which sugar is found in RNA?
Which sugar is found in RNA?
Which nitrogenous base is a purine?
Which nitrogenous base is a purine?
Which component is found in a nucleotide but not in a nucleoside?
Which component is found in a nucleotide but not in a nucleoside?
What type of bond links the sugars and phosphates in a nucleic acid?
What type of bond links the sugars and phosphates in a nucleic acid?
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According to Chargaff's rules, which pair bases are equal in amount?
According to Chargaff's rules, which pair bases are equal in amount?
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Which nitrogenous base is found in RNA but not in DNA?
Which nitrogenous base is found in RNA but not in DNA?
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What does it mean for DNA replication to be semi-conservative?
What does it mean for DNA replication to be semi-conservative?
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What did the Hershey-Chase experiment conclude about genetic material?
What did the Hershey-Chase experiment conclude about genetic material?
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Which base pairs with thymine (T) during DNA replication?
Which base pairs with thymine (T) during DNA replication?
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What kind of bonds connect adenine (A) to thymine (T) in a DNA molecule?
What kind of bonds connect adenine (A) to thymine (T) in a DNA molecule?
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What is the main requirement for the semi-conservative mechanism of DNA replication?
What is the main requirement for the semi-conservative mechanism of DNA replication?
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Which form of DNA is most commonly found in solutions?
Which form of DNA is most commonly found in solutions?
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Which process is illustrated by the creation of new DNA strands from existing ones?
Which process is illustrated by the creation of new DNA strands from existing ones?
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How many hydrogen bonds connect cytosine (C) to guanine (G) in a DNA molecule?
How many hydrogen bonds connect cytosine (C) to guanine (G) in a DNA molecule?
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Which base pairs with guanine (G) during DNA replication?
Which base pairs with guanine (G) during DNA replication?
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Which of the following is not a component of DNA?
Which of the following is not a component of DNA?
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Which of the following statements is true about the new DNA strands formed during replication?
Which of the following statements is true about the new DNA strands formed during replication?
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What did the Meselson-Stahl experiment demonstrate about DNA replication?
What did the Meselson-Stahl experiment demonstrate about DNA replication?
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Which form of DNA is characterized by a long, slender, left-handed helix?
Which form of DNA is characterized by a long, slender, left-handed helix?
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Why are major and minor grooves formed in the DNA helix?
Why are major and minor grooves formed in the DNA helix?
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Study Notes
DNA Composition
- Deoxyribose is the sugar found in DNA, while Ribose is found in RNA.
Nitrogenous Bases
- Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, and Thymine are the nitrogenous bases found in DNA.
- Uracil is found in RNA, replacing Thymine.
- Purines are nitrogen bases containing two rings, including Adenine and Guanine.
- Pyrimidines are nitrogen bases containing one ring, including Cytosine, Thymine, and Uracil.
Phosphate
- The phosphate group is represented by O-P-O- OH.
Nucleosides vs. Nucleotides
- A Nucleoside or Deoxynucleoside is a nitrogenous base bound to a sugar.
- A Nucleotide or Deoxynucleotide is a nitrogenous base bound to a sugar and a phosphate group.
- A Nucleic Acid is a polymer (chain) of nucleotides.
Facts
- Nucleic acids are polymers, and their monomers are called nucleotides.
- Nucleotides consist of a base, sugar, and phosphate group.
- Sugar can be deoxyribose or ribose.
- Phosphate groups link sugar molecules together through phosphodiester bonds.
Famous Experiments
Chargaff's Rules
- The amounts of Adenine (A) and Thymine (T) are equal, and the amounts of Guanine (G) and Cytosine (C) are equal.
- The amounts of A&T and G&C differ between species.
The Hershey-Chase Experiment
- The experiment showed that DNA, not protein, carries genetic information.
- Radioactive phosphorus, which labels DNA, was found in bacteria, while radioactive sulfur, which labels protein, was not.
DNA Composition - Double Helix
- The double helix structure of DNA consists of anti-parallel strands.
- Adenine (A) pairs with Thymine (T) through two hydrogen bonds.
- Cytosine (C) pairs with Guanine (G) through three hydrogen bonds.
- The major and minor grooves are formed due to the alignment of sugar-phosphate backbones.
DNA Conformations
- A-DNA is a short, wide, right-handed helix.
- B-DNA is the most common DNA form in solution, a right-handed helix.
- Z-DNA is a long, slender, left-handed helix.
The Meselson-Stahl Experiment
- The experiment showed that DNA replication is semi-conservative, not conservative or dispersive.
- Each new strand contains one original and one new strand.
DNA Replication
- DNA replication is semi-conservative and depends on complementary base pairing.
- Each new strand contains one original and one new strand, making it a semi-conservative process.
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Description
Learn about the components of DNA, including sugars, nitrogenous bases, and phosphate groups, and how they come together to form nucleosides and nucleotides.
