Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the term used to describe the smallest part of DNA that may represent a gene?
What is the term used to describe the smallest part of DNA that may represent a gene?
- Intron
- Plasmids
- Anticodon
- Cistron (correct)
What is the role of the initiator tRNA in the translation process?
What is the role of the initiator tRNA in the translation process?
- It attaches to the A site of the ribosome
- It binds to the small subunit of the ribosome
- It attaches the first amino acid (methionine) to the ribosome (correct)
- It pairs with the next mRNA codon at the A site
What is the name of the site on the ribosome where the initiator tRNA first binds?
What is the name of the site on the ribosome where the initiator tRNA first binds?
- Small subunit binding site
- P site (correct)
- Anticodon site
- A site
What is the role of the anticodon on the incoming tRNA during translation?
What is the role of the anticodon on the incoming tRNA during translation?
Which of the following is NOT a component of the ribosome?
Which of the following is NOT a component of the ribosome?
What is the term used to describe the closer loops of DNA material?
What is the term used to describe the closer loops of DNA material?
What is the relationship between the number of purine and pyrimidine bases in DNA according to Chargaff's rule?
What is the relationship between the number of purine and pyrimidine bases in DNA according to Chargaff's rule?
What is the primary function of DNA?
What is the primary function of DNA?
Which of the following is the functional unit of inheritance in DNA?
Which of the following is the functional unit of inheritance in DNA?
What is the purpose of telomeres in chromosomes?
What is the purpose of telomeres in chromosomes?
Which of the following terms refers to the less densely packed form of DNA?
Which of the following terms refers to the less densely packed form of DNA?
What is the difference between the p arm and q arm of a chromosome?
What is the difference between the p arm and q arm of a chromosome?
What does the codon AUG represent?
What does the codon AUG represent?
Which of the following statements about the genetic code is incorrect?
Which of the following statements about the genetic code is incorrect?
What is the primary role of tRNA/soluble RNAs in protein synthesis?
What is the primary role of tRNA/soluble RNAs in protein synthesis?
Which of the following codons represents a stop/termination codon?
Which of the following codons represents a stop/termination codon?
In the process of protein synthesis, what happens when an amino acid combines with ATP?
In the process of protein synthesis, what happens when an amino acid combines with ATP?
What is the function of mRNA?
What is the function of mRNA?
During protein synthesis, what is the role of tRNA?
During protein synthesis, what is the role of tRNA?
What is the primary function of rRNA in protein synthesis?
What is the primary function of rRNA in protein synthesis?
Which enzyme is responsible for catalyzing transcription in protein synthesis?
Which enzyme is responsible for catalyzing transcription in protein synthesis?
What is the function of DNA ligase in protein synthesis?
What is the function of DNA ligase in protein synthesis?
How many codons make up a coding triplet in the genetic code?
How many codons make up a coding triplet in the genetic code?
What event causes protein synthesis to stop?
What event causes protein synthesis to stop?
When the ribosome shifts by one codon, where does the tRNA previously at the A site move to?
When the ribosome shifts by one codon, where does the tRNA previously at the A site move to?
Where does the peptide bond formation occur during protein synthesis?
Where does the peptide bond formation occur during protein synthesis?
What is the role of guanine and cytosine in protein synthesis?
What is the role of guanine and cytosine in protein synthesis?
Which tRNA site contains the amino acid that participates in forming the peptide bond?
Which tRNA site contains the amino acid that participates in forming the peptide bond?
Study Notes
Central Dogma and Protein Synthesis
- Anticodon: a set of nucleotides used in the formation of a polypeptide chain
- Cistron: the smallest part of DNA that represents a gene
- Intron: smaller sub-units of DNA that cannot represent a gene
- Plasmids: closed loops of DNA material
Ribosomes and mRNA
- Ribosomes consist of a small subunit and a large subunit
- Initiator tRNA binds to the P site on the small subunit
- mRNA binds to the ribosome at the A site
- The large subunit joins the small subunit to form a functional ribosome
Codons and Amino Acids
- Codons: sequences of three nucleotides that specify an amino acid
- Initiator codon (AUG) starts protein synthesis
- Stop codons (UAA, UAG, UGA) terminate protein synthesis
- The first two bases of a codon are more significant and important
Characteristics of the Genetic Code
- Universal: all organisms have the same codon for each amino acid
- Degenerate code: more than one codon can specify the same amino acid
- Continuous: the code is read sequentially, with no overlap
Protein Synthesis Stages
- Transcription: generating mRNA from DNA
- Translation: decoding mRNA to form a polypeptide chain
- Formation of a Polypeptide Chain: amino acids are activated and transported to the ribosomes
Transcription
- Enzyme-dependent process of generating mRNA from DNA
- Catalyzed by a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase enzyme
- Three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination
Translation
- Process by which ribosomes translate/decode the information carried by mRNA
- Production of 20 amino acids
- mRNA leaves the nucleus and goes to the cytoplasm (ribosomes)
The Genetic Code
- Codons/Coding triplet: groups of three adjacent bases that specify an amino acid
- 64 codons in the genetic code
- Most amino acids are coded for by more than one codon
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Test your knowledge on DNA base pairing, including the significance of A=T and G=C in Chargaff's Rule, and the functions of DNA in storing genetic information. Explore concepts like genes, chromosomes, and chromatin.
