DNA and RNA Structure

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Questions and Answers

What is the significance of the little dashes (apostrophes) next to the 5 and 3 in deoxyribose?

  • Signify the presence of hydrogen bonds
  • Represent the formation of sugar-phosphate backbone
  • Indicate the directionality of carbon atoms in deoxyribose (correct)
  • Denote the presence of methyl groups on deoxyribose

What structural difference exists between Thymine and Uracil?

  • Differ by a phosphate group on Thymine
  • Presence of a hydroxyl group on Thymine
  • Differ by a methyl group on Thymine (correct)
  • Presence of a carboxyl group on Thymine

Why do regions rich in A-T in double-stranded DNA tend to separate more easily?

  • Easier base stacking interactions in A-T pairs
  • Formation of covalent bonds in A-T pairs
  • Presence of methyl groups in A-T pairs
  • Higher number of hydrogen bonds between A-T pairs (correct)

Why is drawing a 3D double helix structure of DNA considered super important?

<p>To depict the hydrogen bonding between complementary base pairs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which biological molecule is the Stem Loop structure commonly found?

<p>tRNA (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What makes ATP unstable and easily breakable?

<p>High energy stored in phosphate bonds (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which carbon in deoxyribose is referred to as 5’?

<p>The carbon with a phosphate group (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for the ease of separation of A-T rich regions in double-stranded DNA?

<p>A-T forms fewer hydrogen bonds than G-C (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the presence of a methyl group differentiate Thymine from Uracil in DNA?

<p>Polarity of the nitrogenous base (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to draw the 3D double helix structure of DNA accurately?

<p>To visualize hydrogen bonding between bases (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Stem Loop structure in tRNA indicate about its function?

<p>It stabilizes tRNA structure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In terms of stability, what feature of ATP makes it easily breakable?

<p>High energy bond between phosphate groups (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During DNA transcription, what role does RNA polymerase play?

<p>Binds to the DNA near the start site of transcription (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In prokaryotic cells, which type of rRNA is involved in initiation complex formation?

<p>5S rRNA (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during the termination stage of the translation process?

<p>The ribosome releases the polypeptide chain (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which protein regulates gene expression by enhancing transcription?

<p>Activators (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In eukaryotic cells, what is the composition of a ribosome's large subunit?

<p>60S rRNA and proteins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the small ribosomal subunit during translation initiation?

<p>Binds to the initiator tRNA (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do repressors affect gene expression?

<p>Block RNA polymerase binding or recruit DNA-modifying enzymes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of ribosomes in protein synthesis?

<p>Translating codon-anticodon pairs into amino acids (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of RNA forms the structural backbone of ribosomes?

<p>Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of translation involves creating peptide bonds between amino acids?

<p>Elongation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During RNA transcription, what serves as a template for synthesizing a complementary RNA copy?

<p>DNA (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which types of nucleotides are used to synthesize a complementary RNA copy during transcription?

<p>rNTPs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of transcription, what is the function of mRNA?

<p>Transfers genetic code to ribosomes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of transfer RNA (tRNA) in protein biosynthesis?

<p>Binds to amino acids and transfers them onto polypeptide chains (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which genetic information molecule carries unique sequences due to specific base pairing rules?

<p>mRNA (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary product encoded by most human genes?

<p>'Primary' mRNA product (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do tRNA molecules recognize specific codons on mRNA?

<p>Via their anticodons (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the unique shape characteristic of each tRNA species that aids in its function?

<p>'Cloverleaf' shape (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cellular process involves decoding mRNA sequences to create proteins?

<p>'Translation' (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for cells to produce proteins based on genetic instructions?

<p>Enable metabolic reactions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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