DNA and RNA Structure
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Questions and Answers

What is the significance of the little dashes (apostrophes) next to the 5 and 3 in deoxyribose?

  • Signify the presence of hydrogen bonds
  • Represent the formation of sugar-phosphate backbone
  • Indicate the directionality of carbon atoms in deoxyribose (correct)
  • Denote the presence of methyl groups on deoxyribose
  • What structural difference exists between Thymine and Uracil?

  • Differ by a phosphate group on Thymine
  • Presence of a hydroxyl group on Thymine
  • Differ by a methyl group on Thymine (correct)
  • Presence of a carboxyl group on Thymine
  • Why do regions rich in A-T in double-stranded DNA tend to separate more easily?

  • Easier base stacking interactions in A-T pairs
  • Formation of covalent bonds in A-T pairs
  • Presence of methyl groups in A-T pairs
  • Higher number of hydrogen bonds between A-T pairs (correct)
  • Why is drawing a 3D double helix structure of DNA considered super important?

    <p>To depict the hydrogen bonding between complementary base pairs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which biological molecule is the Stem Loop structure commonly found?

    <p>tRNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What makes ATP unstable and easily breakable?

    <p>High energy stored in phosphate bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which carbon in deoxyribose is referred to as 5’?

    <p>The carbon with a phosphate group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason for the ease of separation of A-T rich regions in double-stranded DNA?

    <p>A-T forms fewer hydrogen bonds than G-C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the presence of a methyl group differentiate Thymine from Uracil in DNA?

    <p>Polarity of the nitrogenous base</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to draw the 3D double helix structure of DNA accurately?

    <p>To visualize hydrogen bonding between bases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Stem Loop structure in tRNA indicate about its function?

    <p>It stabilizes tRNA structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of stability, what feature of ATP makes it easily breakable?

    <p>High energy bond between phosphate groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During DNA transcription, what role does RNA polymerase play?

    <p>Binds to the DNA near the start site of transcription</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In prokaryotic cells, which type of rRNA is involved in initiation complex formation?

    <p>5S rRNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during the termination stage of the translation process?

    <p>The ribosome releases the polypeptide chain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protein regulates gene expression by enhancing transcription?

    <p>Activators</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In eukaryotic cells, what is the composition of a ribosome's large subunit?

    <p>60S rRNA and proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the small ribosomal subunit during translation initiation?

    <p>Binds to the initiator tRNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do repressors affect gene expression?

    <p>Block RNA polymerase binding or recruit DNA-modifying enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of ribosomes in protein synthesis?

    <p>Translating codon-anticodon pairs into amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of RNA forms the structural backbone of ribosomes?

    <p>Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage of translation involves creating peptide bonds between amino acids?

    <p>Elongation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During RNA transcription, what serves as a template for synthesizing a complementary RNA copy?

    <p>DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which types of nucleotides are used to synthesize a complementary RNA copy during transcription?

    <p>rNTPs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of transcription, what is the function of mRNA?

    <p>Transfers genetic code to ribosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of transfer RNA (tRNA) in protein biosynthesis?

    <p>Binds to amino acids and transfers them onto polypeptide chains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which genetic information molecule carries unique sequences due to specific base pairing rules?

    <p>mRNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary product encoded by most human genes?

    <p>'Primary' mRNA product</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do tRNA molecules recognize specific codons on mRNA?

    <p>Via their anticodons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unique shape characteristic of each tRNA species that aids in its function?

    <p>'Cloverleaf' shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cellular process involves decoding mRNA sequences to create proteins?

    <p>'Translation'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason for cells to produce proteins based on genetic instructions?

    <p>Enable metabolic reactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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