30 Questions
What is the primary difference between the sugar molecules found in DNA and RNA?
The presence of deoxyribose in DNA's sugar
What is the function of RNA in the process of gene expression?
To transcribe DNA's instructions and translate them into proteins
What is the nitrogen base that is unique to RNA?
Uracil
What is the molecular structure of nucleic acids?
Polynucleotides
What are the three components of a nucleotide?
Sugar, phosphate, and nitrogen base
What is the primary difference between the structure of DNA and RNA?
DNA is double-stranded, while RNA is single-stranded
What is the function of RNA Primase in the replication process?
To attract RNA nucleotides that bind to the DNA nucleotides of the 3'-5' strand
What is the direction of the template reading by DNA Polymerase in the leading strand?
3'-5'
What is the purpose of Okazaki fragments in the replication process?
To separate the RNA primers during Elongation
What is the function of DNA Pol I (exonuclease) in the replication process?
To remove the RNA primers during Elongation
What is the characteristic of the 5'-3' template during Elongation?
It is not readable by DNA Polymerase
What is the term for the open bubble structure created during the initiation of replication?
Replication Fork
What is the primary function of DNA Ligase in DNA replication?
Adding phosphate groups to the sugar-phosphate backbone
What is the role of tRNA in protein synthesis?
Recognizing codons on the mRNA and binding to the correct amino acid
What is the main function of nucleases in DNA replication?
Correcting errors in the newly synthesized DNA
What is the primary function of exonuclease (DNA Polymerase) in DNA replication?
Removing RNA primers from the DNA strand
What is the role of mRNA in gene expression?
Carrying genetic information from DNA to the ribosome
What is the primary function of ribosomes in gene expression?
Synthesizing proteins from amino acids
What is the primary function of messenger RNA (mRNA) in protein synthesis?
To act as the template
What is the direction of RNA synthesis during elongation?
5' to 3' direction
What is the role of the RNA polymerase-Promoter Complex in transcription initiation?
To recognize the start site of transcription
What is the function of rNTPs during RNA transcription?
To provide the building blocks for RNA synthesis
What is the purpose of the promoter sequence in DNA?
To tell the RNA polymerase where to start and in which direction to go
What is the significance of the RNA molecule being a 'throw-away' version of DNA?
It is good for limited work but not for long-term storage
What is the site on the ribosome where the incoming amino acid is attached to the growing polypeptide chain?
A site
What happens to the tRNA in the P site during translocation?
It is released from the ribosome
What is the function of release factors in translation termination?
To stimulate the release of the polypeptide chain
What is the consequence of the ribosome reaching a stop codon during translation?
The ribosome releases the polypeptide chain and dissociates from the mRNA
What is the role of the P site in translation elongation?
To hold the growing polypeptide chain
What is the direction of movement of the ribosome during translocation?
Downstream on the mRNA
Test your knowledge of the discovery of DNA structure and its components. Learn about the contributions of Watson, Crick, Franklin, and Wilkins, and the functions of DNA and RNA in genetic inheritance.
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