Y1S2 007 III Biochem DNA and RNA Structure: Discovery and Components

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What is the primary difference between the sugar molecules found in DNA and RNA?

The presence of deoxyribose in DNA's sugar (correct)

The presence of phosphate in RNA's sugar

The presence of uracil in RNA's sugar

The presence of oxygen in RNA's sugar

What is the function of RNA in the process of gene expression?

To translate DNA's instructions into genetic material

To replicate DNA's instructions

To transcribe DNA's instructions and translate them into proteins (correct)

To transcribe DNA's instructions into proteins

What is the nitrogen base that is unique to RNA?

Uracil (correct)

Thymine

Adenine

Guanine

What is the molecular structure of nucleic acids?

Polynucleotides Signup and view all the answers

What are the three components of a nucleotide?

Sugar, phosphate, and nitrogen base Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between the structure of DNA and RNA?

DNA is double-stranded, while RNA is single-stranded Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of RNA Primase in the replication process?

To attract RNA nucleotides that bind to the DNA nucleotides of the 3'-5' strand Signup and view all the answers

What is the direction of the template reading by DNA Polymerase in the leading strand?

3'-5' Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Okazaki fragments in the replication process?

To separate the RNA primers during Elongation Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of DNA Pol I (exonuclease) in the replication process?

To remove the RNA primers during Elongation Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the 5'-3' template during Elongation?

It is not readable by DNA Polymerase Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the open bubble structure created during the initiation of replication?

Replication Fork Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of DNA Ligase in DNA replication?

Adding phosphate groups to the sugar-phosphate backbone Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of tRNA in protein synthesis?

Recognizing codons on the mRNA and binding to the correct amino acid Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of nucleases in DNA replication?

Correcting errors in the newly synthesized DNA Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of exonuclease (DNA Polymerase) in DNA replication?

Removing RNA primers from the DNA strand Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of mRNA in gene expression?

Carrying genetic information from DNA to the ribosome Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of ribosomes in gene expression?

Synthesizing proteins from amino acids Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of messenger RNA (mRNA) in protein synthesis?

To act as the template Signup and view all the answers

What is the direction of RNA synthesis during elongation?

5' to 3' direction Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the RNA polymerase-Promoter Complex in transcription initiation?

To recognize the start site of transcription Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of rNTPs during RNA transcription?

To provide the building blocks for RNA synthesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the promoter sequence in DNA?

To tell the RNA polymerase where to start and in which direction to go Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the RNA molecule being a 'throw-away' version of DNA?

It is good for limited work but not for long-term storage Signup and view all the answers

What is the site on the ribosome where the incoming amino acid is attached to the growing polypeptide chain?

A site Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the tRNA in the P site during translocation?

It is released from the ribosome Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of release factors in translation termination?

To stimulate the release of the polypeptide chain Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of the ribosome reaching a stop codon during translation?

The ribosome releases the polypeptide chain and dissociates from the mRNA Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the P site in translation elongation?

To hold the growing polypeptide chain Signup and view all the answers

What is the direction of movement of the ribosome during translocation?

Downstream on the mRNA Signup and view all the answers