18 Questions
DNA and RNA differ in their ______
sugar
DNA and RNA follow different ______
complementary base pair rules
Prokaryotes contain ______ DNA
circular
Which of the following is a complementary base pair rule for DNA and RNA?
D. Adenine pairs with thymine
Where is DNA located in prokaryotes?
B. Cytoplasm
What is semiconservative replication?
C. Replication of DNA with both parental and newly synthesized strands
DNA replication is the process of ______
copying
The steps involved in DNA replication are ______, ______, and ______
initiation, elongation, termination
The ______ enzyme is responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix during replication
helicase
Which enzyme is responsible for proofreading during DNA replication?
DNA polymerase
When does DNA polymerase proofreading occur?
During DNA replication
What is the main purpose of DNA polymerase proofreading?
To correct errors in DNA replication
Which of the following best describes a promoter in transcription?
A sequence of DNA that initiates transcription
What is the role of a promoter in transcription?
To initiate transcription
Which of the following is true about promoters in transcription?
They are transcribed into RNA
Exons are the ______ regions of a gene that code for proteins
coding
Introns are the ______ regions of a gene that do not code for proteins
non-coding
The main difference between exons and introns is that exons are ______ while introns are not
expressed
Study Notes
DNA vs RNA
- DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) contains deoxyribose sugar, whereas RNA (Ribonucleic acid) contains ribose sugar.
- DNA is typically double-stranded, whereas RNA is usually single-stranded.
- DNA is stable and long-lasting, whereas RNA is less stable and prone to degradation.
Complementary Base Pair Rules
- DNA: Adenine (A) pairs with Thymine (T), and Guanine (G) pairs with Cytosine (C).
- RNA: Adenine (A) pairs with Uracil (U), and Guanine (G) pairs with Cytosine (C).
DNA Structure in Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
- Prokaryotes (bacteria) have circular DNA, found in the cytoplasm.
- Eukaryotes (plants, animals, fungi, protists) have linear DNA, found in the nucleus.
DNA Replication
Semiconservative Replication
- Semiconservative replication means that each new DNA molecule contains one old strand (template) and one new strand.
- Steps involved in DNA replication:
- Unwinding of double helix
- Binding of primers
- Synthesis of new strands
- Proofreading and editing
- Ligation of Okazaki fragments (in lagging strand)
Exons and Introns
- Exons: coding regions of DNA that are expressed as protein or functional RNA.
- Introns: non-coding regions of DNA that are removed during RNA splicing.
Test your knowledge on DNA and RNA with this quiz! Learn about the differences between these two types of nucleic acids, the rules for complementary base pairing, and the types of DNA found in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Find out where DNA is located in these organisms and explore the concept of semiconservative replication.
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