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DNA and RNA Basics

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following statements correctly describes the structure of DNA?

Single-stranded with a straight shape, composed of ribose sugar, and nitrogenous bases A, G, U, and C

Double-stranded with a straight shape, composed of deoxyribose sugar, and nitrogenous bases A, G, T, and C

Single-stranded with a helical shape, composed of ribose sugar, and nitrogenous bases A, G, U, and C

Double-stranded with a helical shape, composed of deoxyribose sugar, and nitrogenous bases A, G, T, and C (correct)

During DNA replication, what is the role of the enzyme that breaks hydrogen bonds between complementary bases?

To create a template for RNA transcription

To create new DNA strands from free nucleotides

To separate the two strands of the DNA molecule (correct)

To join the newly synthesized DNA strands to the original strands

The process of DNA replication is described as semi-conservative. What does this mean?

Both new DNA molecules are entirely composed of newly synthesized strands.

Each new DNA molecule contains one original strand and one newly synthesized strand. (correct)

The process is only partially complete, resulting in a combination of original and new strands.

Both new DNA molecules are entirely composed of original strands.

What is the correct order of information flow in the central dogma of molecular biology?

<p>DNA → RNA → Protein (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of RNA that differs from DNA?

<p>RNA contains the nitrogenous base uracil (U), while DNA contains thymine (T). (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

DNA vs RNA

DNA structure: Double stranded
DNA sugar: Deoxyribose
DNA bases: A, G, T, C
DNA shape: Helical
RNA structure: Single stranded
RNA sugar: Ribose
RNA bases: A, G, U, C
RNA shape: Straight

Central Dogma of Molecular Biology

DNA carries genetic material, determining traits
Flow of genetic information explained by the central dogma
Two-step process: Transcription and translation
Transcription: DNA copied to RNA
Translation: RNA used to produce proteins
Information flows from DNA to RNA to protein

DNA Replication

DNA replication: Creating identical DNA copies
Occurs during interphase of the cell cycle
Double-stranded DNA unwinds
Enzyme breaks hydrogen bonds between bases
Free nucleotides align with exposed DNA (complementary base pairing)
Forms two new DNA molecules containing one original strand and one new strand (semi-conservative)

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Description

Test your understanding of DNA and RNA structures, functions, and the central dogma of molecular biology. This quiz covers key concepts including DNA replication and the processes of transcription and translation. Brush up on your knowledge of genetic material and its role in protein synthesis.