DNA and Gene Expression Quiz

The sequence of bases in mRNA molecules that determines the sequence of amino acids in proteins.

A sequence of three mRNA nucleotides that specifies a particular amino acid.

The process of creating an RNA copy of a DNA gene.

The process of synthesizing a protein from an mRNA molecule.

The fundamental concept that genetic information flows from DNA to RNA to protein.

The beginning phase of gene expression where RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region of DNA to begin synthesizing RNA

The middle stage of transcription where RNA polymerase synthesizes a complementary RNA molecule from a DNA template

The phase of transcription where RNA polymerase detaches from the DNA and releases the newly synthesized mRNA

Eukaryotic genes undergo additional steps, like splicing out non-coding regions (introns) and adding a 5' cap and 3' poly-A tail, before the mRNA can be used for translation

The complex process of assembling proteins using mRNA, tRNA, ribosomes, and various factors. It's energy intensive

tRNA is a folded single strand of RNA with specific sites for amino acid attachment and codon recognition.

The 3' end of tRNA where an amino acid binds during protein synthesis.

A three-nucleotide sequence on tRNA that is complementary to a codon on mRNA.

tRNA carries specific amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis, ensuring the correct amino acid sequence.

Three-nucleotide sequence in mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid.

Different tRNA molecules exist for every amino acid.

tRNA brings amino acids to the ribosome, where they're linked together to form proteins.

The specific 3-D shape of tRNA allows it to perform its crucial role in protein synthesis, matching amino acids to mRNA codons.

Ribosomes are made of proteins and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). They have three sites (P, A, and E) for transfer RNA (tRNA).

Ribosomes have three tRNA binding sites: P (growing polypeptide), A (next amino acid), and E (exit).

mRNA, first tRNA, and ribosomal subunits join to start protein synthesis.

Protein synthesis continues, adding amino acids from the start codon to the stop codon.

Protein synthesis stops at the stop codon and the complex breaks down.

Ribosomes read mRNA instructions to assemble amino acids into proteins.

mRNA carries the genetic code from DNA to the ribosome.

The codon (AUG) that signals the start of protein synthesis.

The order in which amino acids are linked together to form a protein.

A three-base sequence on tRNA that is complementary to a codon on mRNA.

The specific interaction between a codon on mRNA and an anticodon on tRNA, determining which amino acid is added to the growing polypeptide chain.

Peptide bond formation linking amino acids during protein synthesis.

A three-base sequence on messenger RNA that codes for a particular amino acid.

The set of rules determining how codons are translated into amino acids during protein synthesis.

Transfer RNA molecules have an anticodon loop and an amino acid attachment site.

The overall process of building a protein using information from mRNA.

The ribosome moves along the mRNA to read the genetic code and assemble the polypeptide chain.

Two tRNAs can be at the ribosome at the same time, binding to different codons.

The formation of a bond between amino acids in a polypeptide chain.

The tRNA that has already contributed its amino acid to the chain releases and exits the ribosome using the E Site.

Translation terminates when a stop codon on mRNA is reached and a release factor binds.

The place on the ribosome where a new aminoacyl-tRNA binds during protein synthesis.

The next amino acid linked to its tRNA approaches and binds to the ribosome in the A site.

The process of adding amino acids one by one to the growing polypeptide chain.