20 Questions
What is the function of DNA in cells?
DNA stores and transmits genetic information, managing the requirements and activities of the cell.
What are the two types of cells that have evolved over time?
Prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells.
Where is the DNA located in prokaryotic cells?
The DNA is located in the liquid part of the cytoplasm, known as the nucleoid region.
What are plasmids in prokaryotic cells?
Plasmids are small amounts of circular, double-stranded DNA that are separate from the cell’s chromosomal DNA.
What are the two types of eukaryotic membrane-bound organelles that contain DNA?
mitochondria and chloroplasts
Where is most of the DNA in a eukaryotic cell found?
in the nucleus
What are the ends of chromosomes called?
telomeres
What is the decondensed form of chromosomes called?
chromatin
How much DNA does each human somatic (body) cell contain when completely decondensed to linear form?
about 2 to 3 metres
What is the purpose of condensing chromatin into chromosomes prior to cell division?
to protect the genetic code and ensure identical copies are transferred to both daughter cells
What is the term used to describe the process of copying DNA?
DNA replication
Where does DNA replication take place in eukaryotic cells?
Nucleus
What is the term used to describe the feature of DNA replication where each double-strand of DNA consists of one old strand and one newly synthesized strand?
Semi-conservative
In which direction are DNA nucleotides added by DNA polymerase to the exposed bases of the existing 'old' strands?
5' to 3'
What is the role of helicase in DNA replication?
To break the hydrogen bonds between the complementary bases and unwind the DNA strands
Why is the direction of DNA synthesis from 5' to 3' important?
Because DNA polymerases can only add nucleotides to the 3' end of the DNA strands
What is the significance of telomeres in DNA replication?
They limit the number of DNA replications by shortening after each replication
In which direction is the new DNA synthesized during replication?
5' to 3'
What type of cells undergo DNA replication prior to cell division?
Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
What happens to the amount of DNA in a cell during replication?
The amount of DNA doubles
Explore the concepts of DNA, chromosomes, and genetic information transmission in living cells. Understand the universal nature of DNA and its role in managing cell requirements and activities. Learn about the possibility of inserting DNA from one species into the genome of another species.
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