DNA Accessibility in Chromatin Structure

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What determines whether methylation promotes compaction or loosening of DNA?

The amount of methylation present

The presence of histones

The location of the DNA in the cell

The type of amino acid residue that is methylated (correct)

Which component of chromatin structure protrudes from the nucleosome?

DNA strands

Histone tails (correct)

Chromosomes

Telomeres

In which type of chromatin are the genes usually transcriptionally inactive?

Heterochromatin (correct)

Giemsa bands

Euchromatin

Histone tails

How many chromosomes do humans typically have?

23 chromosomes; 2 copies each Signup and view all the answers

Which dye is used to produce distinct patterns of G-bands on chromosomes?

Giemsa dye Signup and view all the answers

What term describes DNA that is tightly compacted and good for storage but not easy to access?

Heterochromatin Signup and view all the answers

What is the unit of measurement often used to quantify DNA?

Base pairs Signup and view all the answers

In eukaryotes, how is DNA compacted for storage and organization?

Compacted into chromatin Signup and view all the answers

What is the fundamental unit of chromatin called?

Nucleosome Signup and view all the answers

What proteins are involved in forming a nucleosome?

Histones H2A, H2B, H3, H4 Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the linker histone in a nucleosome?

Facilitate charge neutralization Signup and view all the answers

How is the compaction of DNA facilitated in eukaryotic cells?

By introducing positive charges to neutralize the negative charges on DNA Signup and view all the answers

What is the specific structure found at the tips of chromosomes?

Telomeres Signup and view all the answers

Which type of DNA is typically lost during replication?

Sacrificial DNA Signup and view all the answers

What structures help in anchoring the nucleus to the cytoskeleton?

Nuclear lamina Signup and view all the answers

What regulates the movement of proteins through nuclear pores?

Nuclear localization signals and nuclear export signals Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the nucleus maintains its shape through a fibrous protein network?

Nuclear matrix Signup and view all the answers

What lines the inner surface of the inner nuclear membrane?

Lamins Signup and view all the answers