DNA Accessibility in Chromatin Structure

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Questions and Answers

What determines whether methylation promotes compaction or loosening of DNA?

  • The amount of methylation present
  • The presence of histones
  • The location of the DNA in the cell
  • The type of amino acid residue that is methylated (correct)

Which component of chromatin structure protrudes from the nucleosome?

  • DNA strands
  • Histone tails (correct)
  • Chromosomes
  • Telomeres

In which type of chromatin are the genes usually transcriptionally inactive?

  • Heterochromatin (correct)
  • Giemsa bands
  • Euchromatin
  • Histone tails

How many chromosomes do humans typically have?

<p>23 chromosomes; 2 copies each (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which dye is used to produce distinct patterns of G-bands on chromosomes?

<p>Giemsa dye (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes DNA that is tightly compacted and good for storage but not easy to access?

<p>Heterochromatin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the unit of measurement often used to quantify DNA?

<p>Base pairs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In eukaryotes, how is DNA compacted for storage and organization?

<p>Compacted into chromatin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the fundamental unit of chromatin called?

<p>Nucleosome (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What proteins are involved in forming a nucleosome?

<p>Histones H2A, H2B, H3, H4 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the linker histone in a nucleosome?

<p>Facilitate charge neutralization (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the compaction of DNA facilitated in eukaryotic cells?

<p>By introducing positive charges to neutralize the negative charges on DNA (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the specific structure found at the tips of chromosomes?

<p>Telomeres (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of DNA is typically lost during replication?

<p>Sacrificial DNA (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structures help in anchoring the nucleus to the cytoskeleton?

<p>Nuclear lamina (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What regulates the movement of proteins through nuclear pores?

<p>Nuclear localization signals and nuclear export signals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the nucleus maintains its shape through a fibrous protein network?

<p>Nuclear matrix (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What lines the inner surface of the inner nuclear membrane?

<p>Lamins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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