Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary purpose of Control Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) in the control phase?
What is the primary purpose of Control Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) in the control phase?
- To identify potential failures in the improved process and ensure effective controls are in place. (correct)
- To identify cost reduction opportunities during the project implementation phase.
- To analyze customer feedback and incorporate it into current processes.
- To streamline communication between team members during the project.
Which of the following is NOT a basic element of the Control FMEA?
Which of the following is NOT a basic element of the Control FMEA?
- Listing the project budget and potential cost overruns. (correct)
- Associating one or more failure modes to each Control element.
- Assigning risks based on the severity, occurrence, and detectability of failure modes.
- Listing the actions/tasks used to control each Improve element.
What role does the Install Coordinator play in the provided FMEA example regarding customer no-shows?
What role does the Install Coordinator play in the provided FMEA example regarding customer no-shows?
- Managing customer complaints and providing refunds for missed appointments.
- Approving customer appointments and managing the installation schedule.
- Confirming each appointment in person and reverting the appointment back to sales if confirmation fails. (correct)
- Training installers on how to handle customer no-shows effectively.
In the context of Control FMEA, what does 'remedial action plan' primarily define?
In the context of Control FMEA, what does 'remedial action plan' primarily define?
What is the main purpose of a control plan?
What is the main purpose of a control plan?
According to the material, what is a key characteristic of an effective control plan?
According to the material, what is a key characteristic of an effective control plan?
When preparing a control plan, which aspect needs to be concentrated on?
When preparing a control plan, which aspect needs to be concentrated on?
What form of process mapping is typically used in the Define phase to identify key input and output variables?
What form of process mapping is typically used in the Define phase to identify key input and output variables?
Which question is NOT directly answered by a control plan?
Which question is NOT directly answered by a control plan?
In the context of control plans, what does the term 'Contingency Plan Element' refer to?
In the context of control plans, what does the term 'Contingency Plan Element' refer to?
What is the primary goal of identifying root causes and correcting them temporarily?
What is the primary goal of identifying root causes and correcting them temporarily?
What is the key difference between 'Compensate', 'Correct', and 'Prevent' in contingency and remedial plans?
What is the key difference between 'Compensate', 'Correct', and 'Prevent' in contingency and remedial plans?
In process control, what is the role of visual controls and dashboards?
In process control, what is the role of visual controls and dashboards?
What is a key element of a good dashboard?
What is a key element of a good dashboard?
When considering the accuracy of process documentation for Quality, why is 'correctness' important?
When considering the accuracy of process documentation for Quality, why is 'correctness' important?
When developing process documentation, what’s a pitfall to avoid?
When developing process documentation, what’s a pitfall to avoid?
In the context of developing process procedures, why is it important to 'Document why you need this procedure'?
In the context of developing process procedures, why is it important to 'Document why you need this procedure'?
During the process of developing procedures, what should one do after reconciling and revising a written procedure?
During the process of developing procedures, what should one do after reconciling and revising a written procedure?
What is the purpose of a Deployment Plan?
What is the purpose of a Deployment Plan?
According to the material, what should a deployment plan include?
According to the material, what should a deployment plan include?
When creating a deployment plan, what should be considered as an OUTPUT?
When creating a deployment plan, what should be considered as an OUTPUT?
In the creation of a Deployment Plan, what factor might prevent deployment?
In the creation of a Deployment Plan, what factor might prevent deployment?
What is the primary purpose of a communication plan?
What is the primary purpose of a communication plan?
What key question does a handoff communication plan address?
What key question does a handoff communication plan address?
In the context of a Handoff Communication Plan, what does 'Media' refer to?
In the context of a Handoff Communication Plan, what does 'Media' refer to?
What is the primary goal of a training plan in the context of process improvement?
What is the primary goal of a training plan in the context of process improvement?
When creating a training plan, what key element should be addressed?
When creating a training plan, what key element should be addressed?
Prior to training implementation, what critical element needs cataloging?
Prior to training implementation, what critical element needs cataloging?
After identifying the required skills and the current workforce skills, what step follows in a training plan?
After identifying the required skills and the current workforce skills, what step follows in a training plan?
What is the ultimate goal after executing the deployment plan and training?
What is the ultimate goal after executing the deployment plan and training?
According to the provided materials, what constitutes a source of internal change within an organization?
According to the provided materials, what constitutes a source of internal change within an organization?
Which of the following would be considered a source of external change?
Which of the following would be considered a source of external change?
What is a typical emotional reaction to change that should be considered?
What is a typical emotional reaction to change that should be considered?
According to the material, what is the crucial initial step in Kotter's Change Management Model?
According to the material, what is the crucial initial step in Kotter's Change Management Model?
According to Kotter, what is the purpose of generating short-term wins?
According to Kotter, what is the purpose of generating short-term wins?
According to the Change Acceleration Process (CAP) model, what is the first step in leading change?
According to the Change Acceleration Process (CAP) model, what is the first step in leading change?
What should be kept in mind to make sure projects are handed-off successfully?
What should be kept in mind to make sure projects are handed-off successfully?
What differentiates a Control FMEA from a Process FMEA?
What differentiates a Control FMEA from a Process FMEA?
What is the likely outcome if the objectives of a procedure are not clearly stated?
What is the likely outcome if the objectives of a procedure are not clearly stated?
When should changes to actual practices be made, relative to the documented procedures?
When should changes to actual practices be made, relative to the documented procedures?
What is the recommended frequency for auditing a procedure that has been put into routine use?
What is the recommended frequency for auditing a procedure that has been put into routine use?
What is the main purpose of the 'How to track issues and resolve them' element in Deployment Plans?
What is the main purpose of the 'How to track issues and resolve them' element in Deployment Plans?
Why is documenting new opportunities that arise during a project important for handing off?
Why is documenting new opportunities that arise during a project important for handing off?
What is the significance of tracking 'Time Tracking Codes' to a project?
What is the significance of tracking 'Time Tracking Codes' to a project?
What does the statement 'Deployment is a Journey Not a Destination' imply in change management?
What does the statement 'Deployment is a Journey Not a Destination' imply in change management?
What is the best way to describe a good dashboard?
What is the best way to describe a good dashboard?
If a control element fails, what is the purpose of the 'Contingency Plans' element?
If a control element fails, what is the purpose of the 'Contingency Plans' element?
What is one of the general rules of process documentation?
What is one of the general rules of process documentation?
What should be checked with internal suppliers and customers during procedure development?
What should be checked with internal suppliers and customers during procedure development?
Which factor primarily determines the success when designing employee training?
Which factor primarily determines the success when designing employee training?
Which statement best describes the role of 'Measurements' in sustaining gains after project completion?
Which statement best describes the role of 'Measurements' in sustaining gains after project completion?
What's the potential impact if the team retain project responsibility after the project has been handed off?
What's the potential impact if the team retain project responsibility after the project has been handed off?
The Control FMEA is used to identify potential failures in the improved process and ensure effective controls are in place.
The Control FMEA is used to identify potential failures in the improved process and ensure effective controls are in place.
A Control FMEA is primarily focused on dynamics discussed in the Define phase.
A Control FMEA is primarily focused on dynamics discussed in the Define phase.
Listing the X's or process steps and their improvement solutions is a basic element of the Control FMEA.
Listing the X's or process steps and their improvement solutions is a basic element of the Control FMEA.
Assigning risks in the Control FMEA is purely based on the occurrence of failure modes, ignoring severity and detectability.
Assigning risks in the Control FMEA is purely based on the occurrence of failure modes, ignoring severity and detectability.
In a Control FMEA, remedial plans specifically aim at preventing failure modes from occurring in the first place.
In a Control FMEA, remedial plans specifically aim at preventing failure modes from occurring in the first place.
A Control Plan solely focuses on documenting process steps and does not link them to necessary input and output measurements.
A Control Plan solely focuses on documenting process steps and does not link them to necessary input and output measurements.
Control Plans ensure that the process meets the company's requirements but may revert to the way it previously operated.
Control Plans ensure that the process meets the company's requirements but may revert to the way it previously operated.
Providing predictive insights, facilitating adjustments before defects occur, is a characteristic of Control Plans.
Providing predictive insights, facilitating adjustments before defects occur, is a characteristic of Control Plans.
In process mapping for the Define phase, complex tools like Value Stream Maps are typically used to identify key variables.
In process mapping for the Define phase, complex tools like Value Stream Maps are typically used to identify key variables.
Compensating actions that address a problem without identifying the root cause are as effective as preventative measures.
Compensating actions that address a problem without identifying the root cause are as effective as preventative measures.
Visual controls and dashboards provide an easy way to see key business metrics.
Visual controls and dashboards provide an easy way to see key business metrics.
A good dashboard should contain no more than 15 metrics.
A good dashboard should contain no more than 15 metrics.
Visual controls are used to limit readability.
Visual controls are used to limit readability.
Dashboards only show key Metrics and do not include targets.
Dashboards only show key Metrics and do not include targets.
Process documentation ensures compliance with specific standards and procedures.
Process documentation ensures compliance with specific standards and procedures.
Employees do not need understand process documentation.
Employees do not need understand process documentation.
It is important for processes to be accurate and unconsistent.
It is important for processes to be accurate and unconsistent.
Documentation should be very difficult to access.
Documentation should be very difficult to access.
A risk with procedures involves a lack of involvement from employees.
A risk with procedures involves a lack of involvement from employees.
A checklist should not be used when developing procedures.
A checklist should not be used when developing procedures.
Deployment plans provide relevant information about tasks and responsibilities during all stages.
Deployment plans provide relevant information about tasks and responsibilities during all stages.
Deployment plans do not define who does what.
Deployment plans do not define who does what.
Training plans can be an input in the deployment process.
Training plans can be an input in the deployment process.
Rushing the completion of a project after deployment is good.
Rushing the completion of a project after deployment is good.
Effective handoff of a project requires a transition from the GB and team to process owner and organization.
Effective handoff of a project requires a transition from the GB and team to process owner and organization.
Only a select few stakeholders need to know about the new process.
Only a select few stakeholders need to know about the new process.
During the handoff of training process specifications only one person benefits from this.
During the handoff of training process specifications only one person benefits from this.
Only an internal part of change is training.
Only an internal part of change is training.
Training requirements should not be focussed on the audience.
Training requirements should not be focussed on the audience.
Skills and aptitudes dont need to be identified in training.
Skills and aptitudes dont need to be identified in training.
The skills of the workforce don't need to be identified.
The skills of the workforce don't need to be identified.
A training program can be implemented to close the gap in quality.
A training program can be implemented to close the gap in quality.
Execute deployment can only be done internally.
Execute deployment can only be done internally.
Deployment is not a destination but a journey.
Deployment is not a destination but a journey.
You dont need to show how the training is good for the person being trained.
You dont need to show how the training is good for the person being trained.
A robust suite of Metrics in place is no needed.
A robust suite of Metrics in place is no needed.
Balanced score cards are crucial for metrics.
Balanced score cards are crucial for metrics.
Benchmarking is useful.
Benchmarking is useful.
Time tracking codes shouldn't be closed off.
Time tracking codes shouldn't be closed off.
Change can not be inevitable.
Change can not be inevitable.
A Control FMEA should be used to control each Define element.
A Control FMEA should be used to control each Define element.
The Control FMEA is a tool to identify potential failures in the improved process.
The Control FMEA is a tool to identify potential failures in the improved process.
Visual controls and dashboards are optional components of the control phase.
Visual controls and dashboards are optional components of the control phase.
In a Control FMEA, assigning risks is based on the longevity, occurrence, and detectability of the failure modes.
In a Control FMEA, assigning risks is based on the longevity, occurrence, and detectability of the failure modes.
A control plan ensures the process consistently meets customer requirements.
A control plan ensures the process consistently meets customer requirements.
Control plans are useful in Six Sigma projects.
Control plans are useful in Six Sigma projects.
In the Analyze phase detailed process mapping will be used to monitor the improved process.
In the Analyze phase detailed process mapping will be used to monitor the improved process.
Reviewing the documentation is not necessary when improving a process.
Reviewing the documentation is not necessary when improving a process.
The deployment plan outlines an approach and execution planned for the deployment of the project design.
The deployment plan outlines an approach and execution planned for the deployment of the project design.
Both internal and external factors can initiate organizational change.
Both internal and external factors can initiate organizational change.
A 'training plan' identifies the differences, shortages, and overages in needed skills.
A 'training plan' identifies the differences, shortages, and overages in needed skills.
In the Handoff Communication plan, knowledge transfer to key stakeholders is not important.
In the Handoff Communication plan, knowledge transfer to key stakeholders is not important.
The primary need for communication plans is to only keep the project team informed of project status.
The primary need for communication plans is to only keep the project team informed of project status.
In Kotter's change management model, creating a sense of urgency is the last step to implement a lasting change.
In Kotter's change management model, creating a sense of urgency is the last step to implement a lasting change.
In regards to visual dashboards, it is better to implement a complicated visual dashboard so users are able to see all the data points related to a process.
In regards to visual dashboards, it is better to implement a complicated visual dashboard so users are able to see all the data points related to a process.
Flashcards
Control FMEA
Control FMEA
A tool to identify potential failures in an improved process and ensure effective controls are in place to detect or prevent failures.
Control Plan
Control Plan
A detailed document linking process steps to key input/output measurement details, with a response plan for out-of-control conditions.
Why Use Control Plans?
Why Use Control Plans?
They provide predictive information, enabling adjustments before defects occur, ensuring goals are consistently met.
Dashboards
Dashboards
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Process Documentation - General Rules
Process Documentation - General Rules
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Deployment Plan
Deployment Plan
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Handoff Communication Plan
Handoff Communication Plan
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Training Plan
Training Plan
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Change Considerations
Change Considerations
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Kotter's Change Model
Kotter's Change Model
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Force Field Analysis
Force Field Analysis
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Control FMEA: Basics
Control FMEA: Basics
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Control FMEA Purpose
Control FMEA Purpose
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Good Dashboard
Good Dashboard
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Quality Documentation Attributes
Quality Documentation Attributes
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Developing Procedures: Pitfalls
Developing Procedures: Pitfalls
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Deployment Plan: Purpose
Deployment Plan: Purpose
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Deployment Plan: Inputs
Deployment Plan: Inputs
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Deployment Plan: Outputs
Deployment Plan: Outputs
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Communication During Handoff
Communication During Handoff
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Change: Awareness
Change: Awareness
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Effectiveness Equation
Effectiveness Equation
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Deployment Plan Purpose
Deployment Plan Purpose
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Study Notes
- DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control) is a methodology that focuses on improving process quality and efficiency.
- The control Phase of the DMAIC Model is is about controlling the process and validating project benefits.
- The control phase should include Control Failure Modes and Effects Analysis, Control Plan, Visual Controls and Dashboards, Document Process Procedures, Updated Development Plan, Communication Plan, Training Plan, Execute Deployment Plan, Other Opportunities, Report Out / Hand-off / Closure and Managing Change.
Control Failure Modes and Effects Analysis
- Control FMEA is a tool for identifying potential failures in an improved process.
- Control FMEA ensures controls are in place to detect or prevent failure.
- It ensures that all elements of the control phase are addressed.
- A Control FMEA Worksheet can be created to properly monitor the critical X's
- Control FMEA is similar to the Process FMEA from the Analyze Phase, but focused solely on the dynamics of the control phase.
- Use the Control FMEA as a basis for Control Plans.
- Five basic elements of the Control FMEA:
- Listing the X's or process steps and their improve solutions
- Listing the actions/tasks that will be used to control each Improve element
- Associating one or more failure modes to each Control element
- Determining and preventing contingency and remedial plans, checks and balances, for these failure modes
- Assigning risks based on the severity, occurrence and detectability of the failure modes to affect the project goal
Control Plans
- Control plans ensure the process consistently meets customer requirements.
- Control plans ensure the process does not revert to the way it previously operated.
- They provide predictive information for adjustments to be made before defects occur.
- Control plans are a major difference between Six Sigma and other quality initiatives.
- A control plan is a detailed document linking process steps to key input and output measurement details.
- The control plan is for monitoring process performance and providing a response plan if an out-of-control condition occurs.
- In preparing a control plan, concentrate on:
- What needs to be monitored
- Who is going to be keeping the process functioning properly
- How are they going to monitor
- Where will the monitoring be conducted
- Where should the plan reside
- What will be done if the monitoring detects a condition outside of the customer's specifications
- Different types of process mapping for different purposes:
- In Define, simple process mapping, typically SIPOC or high-level process flow, identifies key input and output variables
- In Measure, complex mapping, like info flow maps or value stream maps, better understand processes and identify KPIV's
- In Control, process mapping, detailed at measure or control points, is used to monitor improved processes. Cross-functional maps show event sequences
- Contingency actions are usually less successful and preventative actions will last longer
Visual Controls and Dashboards
- A dashboard is a visual display of key business metrics, available at a glance. -Dashboards quickly highlight concerns and their degree.
- A good dashboard will be short, showing key metrics against targets, and showing trends.
- It should consist of one page with no more than 4-6 metrics ,and be visual with colors to show status or performance to goals
Process Documentation
- General purpose of documenting processes includes ensuring compliance. -It provides a means for implementing a company's objectives and policies.
- And ensure all process participants can perform the new process
- General rules for documentation include compliance being easy to check.
- It should be practical, economical, and easily accessible
- Employees should be able to understand their roles and responsibilities and be able to respond to situations accordingly
- Attributes of quality documentation include correctness, structure, compliance with standards, and suitability for audit.
- The documentation should be organized for accessibility and demonstrate compliance with best practices and regulations.
- For audit suitability, it must be visible and straightforward, addressing accountability, and objectives must be stated clearly for easy auditing.
- Common pitfalls occur by not involving affected employees in creating the procedure, not testing it and omitting details.
- Lowering the importance of procedures due to having not them or bad management
- A checklist exist when developing procedures, specify impact on quality, cost, delivery or safety. The key steps are:
- Find maps or flowcharts of the broader process that the process under consideration is related to so you can see how this piece fits in bigger picture and is the "should be” process
- Map the “As is” state (the actual state) of the process under consideration by walking through the process yourself and relate the maps by describing requirements your process
- Find what outputs are used by downstream customers as well as create updated work area layouts
Deployment plan
- The deployment plan is a step-by-step guide for the final project stage, fully implementing improvements, and leveraging them across the organization for maximum ROI.
- The plan outlines the scope, approach, and execution planned for the deployment of the project deliverables.
- It provides all deployment participants with a smooth transition to the new process.
- The Deployment plan describes each step of the deployment process at each deployment location.
- This may include deployment at one site or multiple sites.
- May deploy for one deployment for a phased deployment.
- A deployment plan defines all work steps for complete deployment and specifies who does them, answering what, when, where, how, and by whom.
- Inputs include deployment goals, success factors, roles, responsibilities, team communication, issue tracking, contingency plans, and the training plan.
- Outputs include implementation task list, communication plan, issue/change request tracking method, contingency plan, and training plan.
Communication Plan
- Transition from the GB and team to process owner and organization is included in the communication plan.
- A communication plan will establish who needs to know what, when, and what communication methods to use.
- It identifies key stakeholders and ensures knowledge transfer.
Training Plan
- Training focuses upon learning needs of an audience.
- It must explain why change is needed and its benefits.
- Training needs to show the right way to do things and the new skill under the supervision of the trainer.
- Steps for Training
- Indentify skils and aptitudes needed
- Identify and catalogue the performance and capability in the workforce
- Identify the differences and shortages etc
- Build and implement trainings and leaning to close the the gaps
Execute Deployment Plan
- During this plan look for critical pathways and also consider factors that might prevent deployment.
- When you see what might occur you will have a new plan and team if needed
Managing Change
- Change is a journey not a destination, it’s important to understand all that impacts change in an organization.
- Q x A = E, an equation exists that contains emotion related to change.
- Quality is Technical Strategy (Project Approach, Process Approach, etc.).
- Acceptance is People Strategy (Change Approach).
- Effectiveness is Sustainable Change.
- Sources of Change can be Internal or External
- Internal sources include company mission, objectives, strategy, mergers/acquisitions, new product introduction and movement to global markets.
- External sources include market forces, laws/regulations, tariffs, competition, demographics, and technology.
- Be aware change that generates emotional concern, and people usually do not like the transition
- Remember to observe before you change, you MUST understand before suggest change
- Kotter's Change Management Model is eight steps
- Create Urgency by highlighting the need for change.
- Form a Guiding Coalition to lead effort.
- Develop Vision and Strategy with a compelling vision.
- Communicate the Vision to all stakeholders.
- Remove Obstacles that hinder change.
- Generate Short-Term Wins to build momentum.
- Sustain Acceleration by continuing to push forward.
- Make it Stick by reinforcing new behaviors.
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