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Questions and Answers
Most dives by Weddell seals are
Most dives by Weddell seals are
Which statement is not supported by the data in the figure?
Which statement is not supported by the data in the figure?
The figure best represents which behavior?
The figure best represents which behavior?
Which animal is typically the shallowest diver?
Which animal is typically the shallowest diver?
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Which animal does not belong to the true (phocid) seal group?
Which animal does not belong to the true (phocid) seal group?
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Which of the following is shown by the data in the figure?
Which of the following is shown by the data in the figure?
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The data in the figure would not likely apply to which species?
The data in the figure would not likely apply to which species?
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If you were collecting diving data, which comparison would you expect to reveal the greatest physiological differences?
If you were collecting diving data, which comparison would you expect to reveal the greatest physiological differences?
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Which statement describes an early piece of evidence showing that circulatory function is sometimes radically altered during a dive?
Which statement describes an early piece of evidence showing that circulatory function is sometimes radically altered during a dive?
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Which statement regarding the diving reflex is true?
Which statement regarding the diving reflex is true?
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The amount of O2 stored in blood depends on the
The amount of O2 stored in blood depends on the
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Seals such as the Weddell seal, which are capable of long and deep dives, typically have blood-oxygen carrying capacities (per unit volume) that are ___ those of seals such as the stellar sea lion, whose dives are short and shallow.
Seals such as the Weddell seal, which are capable of long and deep dives, typically have blood-oxygen carrying capacities (per unit volume) that are ___ those of seals such as the stellar sea lion, whose dives are short and shallow.
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Mass-specific myoglobin levels in the most accomplished divers such as the Weddell seal are ___ those of humans.
Mass-specific myoglobin levels in the most accomplished divers such as the Weddell seal are ___ those of humans.
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A large O2 store in the lungs is an advantage to a diver for which reason?
A large O2 store in the lungs is an advantage to a diver for which reason?
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In general, diving mammals have lung volumes (per unit mass) that are ___ those of terrestrial mammals.
In general, diving mammals have lung volumes (per unit mass) that are ___ those of terrestrial mammals.
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Which oxygen storage compartment tends to be the smallest in diving mammals?
Which oxygen storage compartment tends to be the smallest in diving mammals?
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What data is represented in the figure?
What data is represented in the figure?
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Which data in the figure represents the lungs?
Which data in the figure represents the lungs?
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Of the components shown in the figure, the one with the greatest effect on dive length in true (phocid) seals is
Of the components shown in the figure, the one with the greatest effect on dive length in true (phocid) seals is
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A decrease in heart rate specifically in response to diving is referred to as
A decrease in heart rate specifically in response to diving is referred to as
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During a landmark study by Bron (1966), regional vasoconstriction during a seal's dive was indicated by a measured lack of blood flow to the
During a landmark study by Bron (1966), regional vasoconstriction during a seal's dive was indicated by a measured lack of blood flow to the
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Which structure receives little or no blood during a prolonged forced dive?
Which structure receives little or no blood during a prolonged forced dive?
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During a prolonged forced dive, vasoconstriction causes which cardiovascular parameter(s) to drop?
During a prolonged forced dive, vasoconstriction causes which cardiovascular parameter(s) to drop?
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During a prolonged forced dive, vasoconstriction allows which cardiovascular parameter(s) to remain unchanged?
During a prolonged forced dive, vasoconstriction allows which cardiovascular parameter(s) to remain unchanged?
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Which value was most likely the resting pre-dive heart rate for the animals represented in figure?
Which value was most likely the resting pre-dive heart rate for the animals represented in figure?
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Suppose that the same parameter represented in the figure is measured in aquatic animals that are moved from water to air and terrestrial animals that are moved from air to water. In which animal would the change in the measured parameter be the smallest?
Suppose that the same parameter represented in the figure is measured in aquatic animals that are moved from water to air and terrestrial animals that are moved from air to water. In which animal would the change in the measured parameter be the smallest?
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Measurements of which body component(s) are shown in the figure?
Measurements of which body component(s) are shown in the figure?
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Which statement regarding the data presented in the figure is true?
Which statement regarding the data presented in the figure is true?
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Which statement regarding the data presented in the figure is the most accurate?
Which statement regarding the data presented in the figure is the most accurate?
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Metabolic limits on dive duration depend on which factor(s)?
Metabolic limits on dive duration depend on which factor(s)?
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The data in the figure show that compared to nondiving mammals, diving mammals have
The data in the figure show that compared to nondiving mammals, diving mammals have
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The metabolic rate in freely diving free-ranging Weddell seals is ___ the metabolic rate of resting nondiving seals.
The metabolic rate in freely diving free-ranging Weddell seals is ___ the metabolic rate of resting nondiving seals.
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What is the primary stimulus for ventilation in diving mammals?
What is the primary stimulus for ventilation in diving mammals?
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Following an extended dive, diving mammals require
Following an extended dive, diving mammals require
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In the landmark 1980 study by Kooyman et al. that produced the data in this figure, blood was collected from seals
In the landmark 1980 study by Kooyman et al. that produced the data in this figure, blood was collected from seals
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According to the figure, approximately how long would it take an adult Weddell seal to metabolize the lactic acid accumulated from a 1-hour dive?
According to the figure, approximately how long would it take an adult Weddell seal to metabolize the lactic acid accumulated from a 1-hour dive?
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The data shown in the figure do not plot dives with durations longer than 80 minutes. What is a possible explanation for this?
The data shown in the figure do not plot dives with durations longer than 80 minutes. What is a possible explanation for this?
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The aerobic dive limit (ADL) is the ___ dive that can be undertaken without a(n) ___
The aerobic dive limit (ADL) is the ___ dive that can be undertaken without a(n) ___
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According to a central hypothesis of diving physiology, it is adaptive for diving mammals to keep their dives shorter than their species-specific aerobic dive limit (ADL) because doing so maximizes ___ and minimizes ___
According to a central hypothesis of diving physiology, it is adaptive for diving mammals to keep their dives shorter than their species-specific aerobic dive limit (ADL) because doing so maximizes ___ and minimizes ___
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In diving mammals, more than ___ of dives are shorter than the ADL.
In diving mammals, more than ___ of dives are shorter than the ADL.
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Diving mammals cannot reduce their metabolic rates while underwater by
Diving mammals cannot reduce their metabolic rates while underwater by
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Weddell seals employ which behavior(s) in order to reduce metabolic costs during a dive?
Weddell seals employ which behavior(s) in order to reduce metabolic costs during a dive?
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Decompression sickness occurs
Decompression sickness occurs
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Decompression sickness may result in
Decompression sickness may result in
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Diving mammals avoid decompression sickness
Diving mammals avoid decompression sickness
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Which are advantages of alveolar compression during a deep dive? I) Prevention of N2 transfer into blood II) Reserve of O2 for use on ascent III) Prevention of CO2 transfer to lungs
Which are advantages of alveolar compression during a deep dive? I) Prevention of N2 transfer into blood II) Reserve of O2 for use on ascent III) Prevention of CO2 transfer to lungs
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Which statement is supported by the data in the figure?
Which statement is supported by the data in the figure?
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Which statement is supported by the data in the figure?
Which statement is supported by the data in the figure?
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What would be the best label for the x-axis in the graph?
What would be the best label for the x-axis in the graph?
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The data in the figure represent _______ in fish removed from water.
The data in the figure represent _______ in fish removed from water.
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Dives by Weddell seals are mostly
Dives by Weddell seals are mostly
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The deepest dives of Weddell seals are at a depth of about _______ m.
The deepest dives of Weddell seals are at a depth of about _______ m.
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Which animal is the deepest diver?
Which animal is the deepest diver?
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An animal’s maximum possible blood store of O2 is calculated by
An animal’s maximum possible blood store of O2 is calculated by
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One the most consistent features of diving species of mammals is that, relative to terrestrial species, they have
One the most consistent features of diving species of mammals is that, relative to terrestrial species, they have
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Study Notes
Diving Mammals - Test Bank Notes
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Weddell Seal Dives: Most dives are short and shallow.
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Dive Duration Data: The majority of dives are 10 minutes or less. A significant minority are very long, or very short.
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Dive Depth Data: Half of all dives are less than 100 meters in depth. The most common depth range is 200-400 meters.
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Northern Elephant Seal Diving Behavior: The figure depicts foraging behavior of males and females.
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Shallowest Diver: Northern Fur Seal is typically the shallowest diving mammal.
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Phocid Seal Group: Northern fur seals do not belong to the true phocid seal group.
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Dive Depth Graph: The graph shows dive depths of many seals of one species over many days.
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Diving Mammals - Oxygen Stores: Blood-oxygen carrying capacity is generally proportionally higher in deep divers compared to shallow divers.
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Diving Mammals - Myoglobin: Mass-specific myoglobin levels in skilled divers (like Weddell seals) are significantly higher than those found in humans.
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Diving Mammals - Lung Volume: Lung volumes (per unit of mass) are similar in diving mammals and terrestrial mammals.
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Smallest Oxygen Compartment: Interstitial fluids are the smallest oxygen reservoir in diving mammals.
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Diving Mammal Lung Data: The graph reports the oxygen stores relative to mass.
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Resting Pre-Dive Heart Rate: The given graph does not specify the resting pre-dive heart rate.
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Water to Air transition in Animal Metabolic Rates: The smallest fluctuation in a parameter measured in the transition is in fish.
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Blood Oxygen Concentration During Dive: Blood O2 concentration decreases during dives, but the decrease in muscle O2 concentration in generally more significant.
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Lactic Acid and Diving: Lactic acid increases primarily after a forced dive.
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Dive Limit: The length dive duration is regulated by factors like oxygen supply, consumption, and tolerance of lactic acid in tissues.
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Factors Affecting Dive Limit: Oxygen supplies, consumption and tissue tolerance to lactic acid are key factors affecting dive duration.
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Metabolic Rate in Diving Seals: The metabolic rate of resting non-diving Weddell seals is lower than in freely diving seals.
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Dive Mammal Ventilation Stimulus: The primary stimulus for ventilation in diving mammals is low blood O2.
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Dive Mammal Blood pH and CO2: High CO2 and low blood pH are factors in dive duration.
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Lactic Acid Removal Time: Lactic acid buildup from a 1-hour dive takes approximately 2 hours to fully be metabolized in adult Weddell seals.
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Aerobic Dive Limit: The longest sustainable dive without a buildup of lactic acid above the resting level is a diving mammal's aerobic dive limit (ADL).
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Adaptiveness of shorter dives: Diving shorter than species-specific aerobic dive limit is beneficial because it maximizes the time available for foraging and minimizes surface recovery time.
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Decompression Sickness Avoidance: Diving mammals prevent decompression sickness by means of alveolar collapse.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the diving behavior and physiology of various marine mammals, including seals and fur seals. Explore their dive durations, depths, and oxygen storage capabilities. This quiz will help you understand the adaptations that enable these mammals to thrive underwater.
