Diversity Unit Review: Species Concepts

A cross of two individuals differing in one characteristic. For example, crossing a white-haired poodle with a black-haired Labrador.

A cross of two individuals differing in two characteristics. For example, crossing a white-haired poodle with a black-haired Labrador, but also considering another trait like curly vs. straight hair.

A condition where one allele completely masks the expression of the other allele, resulting in the dominant phenotype. An example is brown eyes being dominant over blue eyes.

A condition where the recessive allele is only expressed when two copies are present. For example, two recessive blue eye alleles are needed for the child to have blue eyes.

A specific pattern of inheritance where neither allele completely masks the other, resulting in a blended phenotype. For example, a red flower crossed with a white flower might produce a pink flower.

Another specific pattern of inheritance where both alleles are expressed equally, producing a phenotype showcasing both traits. For example, a roan cow has both red and white hairs.

An inheritance pattern where genes are located on sex chromosomes (X or Y), resulting in unique expression patterns in males and females. Examples include color blindness and hemophilia.

A genetic condition where the gene responsible for a trait sits on the X chromosome. Males are often more likely to express this gene, while females often carry it as carriers.

A structure, behavior, or physiological process that helps an organism survive and reproduce in a particular environment.

A structural adaptation in which a harmless species resembles a harmful species in coloration or structure.

A type of mimicry where a harmless species copies the warning signals of a dangerous species.

A type of mimicry where two or more species share similar warning signals because they both possess anti-predation attributes.

A permanent change in the genetic material of an organism.

Environmental agents that can cause mutations in DNA.

Differences in individuals within a species.

The process by which humans selectively breed organisms for desired traits.

A process where traits within a population change over time because individuals with advantageous heritable traits survive and reproduce more effectively, passing those traits to their offspring.

The change in the frequency of alleles within a population over generations.

This means that natural selection doesn't have a preset goal. The traits advantageous for survival depend on the specific environmental conditions.

Proposed the idea that acquired characteristics could be passed on to offspring. He believed organisms could change due to use/disuse of body parts.

This theory suggested that characteristics acquired during an organism's life could be inherited by its offspring. It was later proven incorrect.

Darwin proposed that organisms better adapted to their environment survive and reproduce more, passing their traits on. His theory is the foundation of modern evolutionary biology.

Darwin's theory that species change over time, but not necessarily towards a specific goal. They adapt to their local environments.

Inflammation of the mucous membranes of the bronchi, often caused by infection (acute) or irritants (chronic).

A group of lung diseases characterized by airflow obstruction, often caused by smoking. Chronic bronchitis is one example.

Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart.

Blood vessels that carry blood towards the heart.

Tiny blood vessels that connect arteries and veins.

The path that blood follows from the heart to the body and back to the heart.

The path that blood follows from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart.

A general term for conditions where artery walls thicken and lose elasticity, often caused by plaque buildup.

A dome-shaped layer of muscle that separates the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity.

Air moves from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure.

A clear tube that connects the larynx to the lungs, transporting air.

Tiny air sacs in the lungs where oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange.

The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and capillaries in the lungs.

A chronic inflammation of the lungs that causes narrowing of the airways, making it difficult to breathe.

A group of lung diseases that cause obstruction of airflow and emphysema, making it difficult to breathe.

A flap of tissue that covers the entrance to the larynx during swallowing, preventing food from entering the airway.

A fossil that showcases an intermediate form between ancestral and descendant groups, revealing evolutionary links.

A body part or structure that has become reduced in size and function in an organism, but was more prominent in its ancestors.

The study of how species are distributed geographically, both now and in the past.

Structures that are similar in different species because they share a common evolutionary origin, even if they have different functions.

Structures that share similar functions in different species, but have different evolutionary origins.

The branch of biology that studies the development of organisms before birth, used to compare embryonic stages and determine evolutionary relationships.

Provides a powerful tool for understanding evolutionary relationships by comparing DNA sequences of different species.

The study of how allele frequencies change in populations over time.

A type of natural selection where the most common phenotype is favored, reducing variation.

A type of natural selection where one extreme phenotype is favored, shifting the population towards that trait.

A type of natural selection where both extreme phenotypes are favored, leading to increased variation and potentially, two new species.