Dyslipidemia
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a nursing consideration for PCSK9 inhibitors?

  • Drug interactions (correct)
  • 1st line option in most circumstances
  • Myopathy
  • Decreases efficacy of most oral medications

Which class of medication is mainly used if a patient has high triglyceride levels above 500?

  • Statins
  • Anticoagulants
  • Bile Acid Sequestrants
  • Fibric Acid Derivatives (correct)

Which class of medication decreases the efficacy of most oral medications?

  • PCSK9 inhibitors
  • Fibric Acid Derivatives
  • Bile Acid Sequestrants (correct)
  • Statins

Which lipoprotein is the main transporter of cholesterol to cells?

<p>LDL (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the protective mechanism of HDL (High-Density Lipoprotein) against atherosclerosis?

<p>It carries cholesterol away from blood vessels (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are Edward Watkins' latest laboratory findings?

<p>Total serum cholesterol 239 mg/dL, LDL cholesterol 162 mg/dL, HDL cholesterol 40 mg/dL, and triglycerides 220 mg/dL (B), Total serum cholesterol 239 mg/dL, LDL cholesterol 162 mg/dL, HDL cholesterol 40 mg/dL, and triglycerides 220 mg/dL (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug class is considered the best for lowering LDL cholesterol?

<p>HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug class is most effective at lowering serum TG?

<p>Fibric Acid Derivatives (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of cholestyramine?

<p>Binds to bile acids and excretes them in the feces (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug is no longer recommended except in patients with very high TG (>500)?

<p>Niacin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Dyslipidemia is a condition characterized by elevated blood lipids.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: LDL is the main transport for triglycerides.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: HDL transports cholesterol away from blood vessels.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: PCSK9 inhibitors are the first-line option in most circumstances.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Myopathy is a potential side effect of statins.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Bile Acid Sequestrants decrease the efficacy of most oral medications.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Atorvastatin is the prototype drug for HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors?

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Grapefruit juice inhibits the enzyme CYP3A4?

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Bile Acid Sequestrants primarily decrease HDL cholesterol levels?

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Niacin is no longer recommended for the treatment of dyslipidemia?

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following lipoproteins with their main functions:

<p>Chylomicron = Main transport for triglycerides LDL = Main transport for cholesterol, carries cholesterol to cells HDL = Transports cholesterol away from blood vessels, carries cholesterol away from cells VLDL = Main transport for triglycerides and cholesterol</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of cholesterol with their associated lipoproteins:

<p>Total cholesterol = No specific lipoprotein association LDL cholesterol = Associated with 'Bad' lipoprotein HDL cholesterol = Associated with 'Good' lipoprotein Triglycerides = Associated with Chylomicron and VLDL</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following conditions with their associated cholesterol levels:

<p>Dyslipidemia = Elevated blood lipids Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease (ASCVD) = Associated with unhealthy levels of cholesterol Stroke, Coronary artery disease, Myocardial infarction = Potential outcomes of ASCVD Healthy state = Healthy amounts of cholesterol</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following cholesterol-lowering drug classes with their corresponding nursing considerations:

<p>PCSK9 inhibitors = 1st line option in most circumstances Statins = Myopathy and drug interactions Bile Acid Sequestrants = Decreases efficacy of most oral medications and GI side effects Fibric Acid Derivatives = Mainly used if high TG &gt; 500 and increased risk of bleeding if patient taking anticoagulants</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following drug classes with their primary usage:

<p>PCSK9 inhibitors = First-line option in most circumstances Statins = 1st line option in most circumstances Bile Acid Sequestrants = Decreases efficacy of most oral medications Fibric Acid Derivatives = Mainly used if high TG &gt; 500</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following cholesterol-lowering drug classes with their associated side effects:

<p>PCSK9 inhibitors = No specific side effects mentioned Statins = Myopathy Bile Acid Sequestrants = GI side effects Fibric Acid Derivatives = No specific side effects mentioned</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following drug classes with their prototypes:

<p>HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors = atorvastatin (Lipitor) Bile Acid Sequestrants = cholestyramine (Prevalite, Questran) Fibric Acid Derivatives = fenofibrate (Tricor) PCSK9 Inhibitors = alirocumab (Praluent)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following drug classes with their primary mechanisms of action:

<p>HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors = Inhibit enzyme primarily responsible for hepatic synthesis of cholesterol Bile Acid Sequestrants = Binds to bile acids, causing them to be excreted in the feces Fibric Acid Derivatives = Decrease hepatic production of TG, decrease VLDL cholesterol, increase HDL PCSK9 Inhibitors = Increases activity of the receptors that clear cholesterol</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following drug classes with their uses:

<p>HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors = Hypercholesterolemia, Reduce risk of CV events, increases HDL Bile Acid Sequestrants = Decreases LDL, little to no effect on HDL and TG Fibric Acid Derivatives = Most effective at lowering serum TG PCSK9 Inhibitors = Adults with ASCVD, Familial hypercholesterolemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following drug classes with their nursing considerations:

<p>HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors = Take at evening/bedtime, Pregnancy category X, CYP substrates Bile Acid Sequestrants = Decreases efficacy of statins, Decreases efficacy of many orally taken drugs, Vitamin supplementation may be required Fibric Acid Derivatives = Main indication is for TG &gt; 500mg/dL, Increase risk of bleeding from anticoagulants, Contraindicated in patients with severe renal impairment or liver disease PCSK9 Inhibitors = Given by Sub-Q injection, So far, seems to be well-tolerated, Very expensive</p> Signup and view all the answers

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