30 Questions
Which of the following is a nursing consideration for PCSK9 inhibitors?
Drug interactions
Which class of medication is mainly used if a patient has high triglyceride levels above 500?
Fibric Acid Derivatives
Which class of medication decreases the efficacy of most oral medications?
Bile Acid Sequestrants
Which lipoprotein is the main transporter of cholesterol to cells?
LDL
What is the protective mechanism of HDL (High-Density Lipoprotein) against atherosclerosis?
It carries cholesterol away from blood vessels
What are Edward Watkins' latest laboratory findings?
Total serum cholesterol 239 mg/dL, LDL cholesterol 162 mg/dL, HDL cholesterol 40 mg/dL, and triglycerides 220 mg/dL
Which drug class is considered the best for lowering LDL cholesterol?
HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors
Which drug class is most effective at lowering serum TG?
Fibric Acid Derivatives
What is the mechanism of action of cholestyramine?
Binds to bile acids and excretes them in the feces
Which drug is no longer recommended except in patients with very high TG (>500)?
Niacin
True or false: Dyslipidemia is a condition characterized by elevated blood lipids.
True
True or false: LDL is the main transport for triglycerides.
False
True or false: HDL transports cholesterol away from blood vessels.
True
True or false: PCSK9 inhibitors are the first-line option in most circumstances.
False
True or false: Myopathy is a potential side effect of statins.
True
True or false: Bile Acid Sequestrants decrease the efficacy of most oral medications.
True
True or false: Atorvastatin is the prototype drug for HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors?
True
True or false: Grapefruit juice inhibits the enzyme CYP3A4?
True
True or false: Bile Acid Sequestrants primarily decrease HDL cholesterol levels?
False
True or false: Niacin is no longer recommended for the treatment of dyslipidemia?
True
Match the following lipoproteins with their main functions:
Chylomicron = Main transport for triglycerides LDL = Main transport for cholesterol, carries cholesterol to cells HDL = Transports cholesterol away from blood vessels, carries cholesterol away from cells VLDL = Main transport for triglycerides and cholesterol
Match the following types of cholesterol with their associated lipoproteins:
Total cholesterol = No specific lipoprotein association LDL cholesterol = Associated with 'Bad' lipoprotein HDL cholesterol = Associated with 'Good' lipoprotein Triglycerides = Associated with Chylomicron and VLDL
Match the following conditions with their associated cholesterol levels:
Dyslipidemia = Elevated blood lipids Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease (ASCVD) = Associated with unhealthy levels of cholesterol Stroke, Coronary artery disease, Myocardial infarction = Potential outcomes of ASCVD Healthy state = Healthy amounts of cholesterol
Match the following cholesterol-lowering drug classes with their corresponding nursing considerations:
PCSK9 inhibitors = 1st line option in most circumstances Statins = Myopathy and drug interactions Bile Acid Sequestrants = Decreases efficacy of most oral medications and GI side effects Fibric Acid Derivatives = Mainly used if high TG > 500 and increased risk of bleeding if patient taking anticoagulants
Match the following drug classes with their primary usage:
PCSK9 inhibitors = First-line option in most circumstances Statins = 1st line option in most circumstances Bile Acid Sequestrants = Decreases efficacy of most oral medications Fibric Acid Derivatives = Mainly used if high TG > 500
Match the following cholesterol-lowering drug classes with their associated side effects:
PCSK9 inhibitors = No specific side effects mentioned Statins = Myopathy Bile Acid Sequestrants = GI side effects Fibric Acid Derivatives = No specific side effects mentioned
Match the following drug classes with their prototypes:
HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors = atorvastatin (Lipitor) Bile Acid Sequestrants = cholestyramine (Prevalite, Questran) Fibric Acid Derivatives = fenofibrate (Tricor) PCSK9 Inhibitors = alirocumab (Praluent)
Match the following drug classes with their primary mechanisms of action:
HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors = Inhibit enzyme primarily responsible for hepatic synthesis of cholesterol Bile Acid Sequestrants = Binds to bile acids, causing them to be excreted in the feces Fibric Acid Derivatives = Decrease hepatic production of TG, decrease VLDL cholesterol, increase HDL PCSK9 Inhibitors = Increases activity of the receptors that clear cholesterol
Match the following drug classes with their uses:
HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors = Hypercholesterolemia, Reduce risk of CV events, increases HDL Bile Acid Sequestrants = Decreases LDL, little to no effect on HDL and TG Fibric Acid Derivatives = Most effective at lowering serum TG PCSK9 Inhibitors = Adults with ASCVD, Familial hypercholesterolemia
Match the following drug classes with their nursing considerations:
HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors = Take at evening/bedtime, Pregnancy category X, CYP substrates Bile Acid Sequestrants = Decreases efficacy of statins, Decreases efficacy of many orally taken drugs, Vitamin supplementation may be required Fibric Acid Derivatives = Main indication is for TG > 500mg/dL, Increase risk of bleeding from anticoagulants, Contraindicated in patients with severe renal impairment or liver disease PCSK9 Inhibitors = Given by Sub-Q injection, So far, seems to be well-tolerated, Very expensive
Test your knowledge on drug therapy for dyslipidemia! Learn about the different factors that contribute to elevated blood lipids and their connection to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Find out how medications can help manage dyslipidemia and prevent conditions like stroke, coronary artery disease, and myocardial infarction.
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