Diuretics: Mechanism of Action and Classification
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Questions and Answers

What does the term 'Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC)' refer to?

  • The lowest concentration of an antibiotic that visually inhibits the growth of a specific bacteria species (correct)
  • The maximum tolerated dose of an antibiotic that can be safely administered to a patient
  • The concentration of an antibiotic required to effectively treat a patient with a bacterial infection
  • The size of the 'zones of inhibition' of microbial growth surrounding antibiotics on a culture plate

    • What is the main purpose of a 'Culture & Sensitivity' (C&S) test?

  • To measure the size of the 'zones of inhibition' around antibiotics on a culture plate
  • To calculate the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of antibiotics
  • To identify the specific species of bacteria causing an infection
  • To determine the most effective antibiotic to treat a bacterial infection (correct)

    • What does it mean for a bacteria isolate to be 'Sensitive/Susceptible' to an antibiotic?

  • The isolate requires higher than the maximum tolerated dose of the antibiotic to be effectively treated
  • The isolate is not inhibited by the usually achievable systemic concentrations of the drug in normal dosage
  • The isolate is inhibited by the usually achievable systemic concentrations of the drug in normal dosage (correct)
  • The isolate is resistant to the antibiotic and requires an alternative treatment

    • What is the difference between 'Time Dependent' and 'Concentration Dependent' antibiotics?

    <p>The text does not provide any information about the differences between Time Dependent and Concentration Dependent antibiotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the 'Disk Diffusion' method measure in a Culture & Sensitivity test?

    <p>The size of the 'zones of inhibition' of microbial growth surrounding antibiotics on the culture plate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of diuretics blocks reabsorption of Na, Cl, and water in the distal convoluted tubules?

    <p>Loop diuretics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common side effect of long-term use of thiazides?

    <p>Hypokalemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which diuretic is favored for treating cardiac patients with congestive heart failure, pulmonary edema, and hypertension?

    <p>Thiazides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main effect of potassium-sparing diuretics on the kidneys?

    <p>Interfere with aldosterone to promote Na excretion and K retention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition would contraindicate the use of thiazides as diuretics?

    <p>Severe renal disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do loop diuretics inhibit the reabsorption of in the Loop of Henle?

    <p>Na, Cl, K, Ca</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of Imidazole Antifungals?

    <p>Increase fungal cell membrane permeability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antifungal drug is known to be extremely nephrotoxic?

    <p>Amphotericin B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key side effect of Griseofulvin?

    <p>Teratogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antiviral drug is specifically used for feline herpes virus (ocular) infections?

    <p>Acyclovir</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the drug of choice for CNS infections among the listed antifungals?

    <p>Fluconazole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Endocrine System?

    <p>Regulate cellular activity through glandular secretions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of diuretic is indicated for the treatment of oliguric kidney failure?

    <p>Osmotic Diuretics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors work in the body?

    <p>Block enzyme in proximal convoluted tubule to increase Na, K, and bicarb excretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What side effect is associated with long-term use of Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors?

    <p>Metabolic acidosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of Osmotic Diuretics like Mannitol 20%?

    <p>Increase plasma osmotic pressure by inhibiting Na and H2O reabsorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is targeted by Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors in the body?

    <p>Carbonic anhydrase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one way that bacteria can develop resistance to antimicrobials?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major concern with the use of antimicrobials in farmed animals intended for food?

    <p>Both a and b</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the "withdrawal time" when using antimicrobials in animals intended for food?

    <p>To ensure the antimicrobial drug is completely eliminated from the animal's system before the animal or its products are consumed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a way that bacteria can develop resistance to antimicrobials?

    <p>Bacteria changing their cell membrane to prevent the antimicrobial from entering.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one way that the improper use of antimicrobials can lead to the development of antimicrobial resistance?

    <p>Both a and b</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern with the presence of antimicrobial residues in animal tissues or food products?

    <p>The residues can lead to the development of antimicrobial resistance in humans.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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