Diuretics: Function, Uses, and Side Effects

Primary Function of Diuretics

• Diuretics primarily promote increased urine production by the kidneys, aiding in the elimination of excess fluid from the body.

Conditions Treated by Diuretics

• Commonly used to treat conditions such as hypertension (high blood pressure), heart failure, edema (swelling due to fluid retention), and certain kidney disorders.

Mechanism of Action

• Diuretics work by altering the kidneys’ filtration process to decrease reabsorption of sodium and water, leading to increased urine output and reduced blood volume.

Potential Side Effects

• Side effects may include dehydration, electrolyte imbalances (such as low potassium), increased urination, and dizziness or lightheadedness.

Types of Diuretics

• Common types include thiazide, loop, and potassium-sparing diuretics; however, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors are generally not classified as diuretics in the same sense.