Diuretic and Hyperlipidemia Therapy Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is a common central nervous system (CNS) toxicity effect of IV lidocaine?

Drowsiness

Confusion (correct)

Slurred speech

Blurred vision

Which side effect is associated with the use of lidocaine?

Abdominal cramps

Nausea and vomiting

Numbness and tingling (correct)

Increased heart rate

What complication can arise from fluid overload with IV crystalloid administration?

Kidney stones

Gastrointestinal bleeding

Heart failure (correct)

Pulmonary embolism

Which of the following symptoms is NOT a manifestation of CNS toxicity from IV lidocaine?

Severe headache Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary desired effect of diuretic therapy?

Polyuria Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential risk when using IV crystalloid fluids excessively?

Heart failure Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding statin drugs?

They are the most common medication for hyperlipidemia. Signup and view all the answers

What should a patient newly diagnosed with hyperlipidemia understand about their treatment?

They may be on this medication for the rest of their life. Signup and view all the answers

Bumetanide is classified as what type of medication?

Diuretic Signup and view all the answers

The primary goal of anti-cholesterol drugs is to achieve what level in the body?

Lower LDL levels Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions is not indicated for the use of beta-adrenergic blockers?

Asthma Signup and view all the answers

What is a contraindication when using apixaban?

Combining with aspirin Signup and view all the answers

Which condition listed is treated with beta-adrenergic blockers?

Angina Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common misconception about beta-adrenergic blockers?

They are effective for weight loss Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding apixaban?

Apixaban is an anticoagulant medication Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of andexanet alfa?

Serves as an antidote Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding beta blockers?

They can be used to manage high blood pressure and anxiety Signup and view all the answers

Identify a potential side effect of amiodarone.

Pulmonary toxicity Signup and view all the answers

How long does andexanet alfa remain in the system after cessation?

1-2 days Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant adverse effect associated with beta blockers?

Bradycardia Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary use of milrinone?

Short-term therapy for advanced heart failure Signup and view all the answers

Why is continuous ECG monitoring necessary for clients receiving milrinone?

To observe for any arrhythmias Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements regarding potassium levels is correct?

Normal potassium levels are considered between 3.5 to 5.0 Signup and view all the answers

What effect does milrinone have on myocardial contractility?

Increases myocardial contractility Signup and view all the answers

What is a common indication for administering milrinone?

Acute heart failure exacerbation Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of digoxin on the heart's contractions?

It increases the force of contractions. Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main therapeutic uses of digoxin?

To treat heart failure. Signup and view all the answers

How does digoxin affect the heart rate?

It decreases the heart rate. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of digoxin's action?

Prevention of heart attacks. Signup and view all the answers

What class of medication is digoxin categorized as?

Cardiac glucoside. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Diuretic Therapy

A desired effect of diuretic therapy is polyuria.
The goal of anti-cholesterol drugs is to lower LDL levels.

Hyperlipidemia Teaching

Lifestyle changes may avoid medication for hyperlipidemia.
Statin drugs are the most common hyperlipidemia medication.
Statin medication may be lifelong for some.

Bumetanide

Bumetanide is a loop diuretic.

Heart Failure Management

Clients with heart failure should monitor sodium intake and fluid intake.
Decreased afterload can increase cardiac output.

Lidocaine (IV) Adverse Effects

CNS toxicity, potentially including confusion and psychosis.
Numbness and tingling are also possible side effects.

Fluid Overload with IV Crystalloids

Can lead to heart failure development.

Aspirin and Apixaban

Should not be taken together.

Alteplase (Thrombolytic)

Used to dissolve clots in central lines.

Monoclonal Antibody PCSK9 Inhibitors

Block LDL cholesterol production.

Furosemide Administration

Administer slowly to prevent hearing loss.
Furosemide is a loop diuretic.

Right Heart Failure (Right HF)

Note:
- Relevant information from the text only, no additional details.

Atorvastatin

Inhibits HMG-CoA reduction.
Adverse effects include severe muscle pain, weakness, and dark urine.

Lipid Panel

Should be ordered before statin medication administration.
Indicates pregnancy category X.

Atorvastatin Client Instructions

Need for periodic lipid tests.

Atorvastatin Indications

Hyperlipidemia and prevention of cardiovascular disease in clients with hypertension, or diabetes, or those who smoke.

Cholestyramine

Reduces serum cholesterol and LDL.
Administer 2 hours before or 4 hours after medication.
Administer with 60-80ml of liquid.

Gemfibrozil

Increases HDL and reduces VLDL with high cholesterol.
May cause complications like gallstones, RUQ abdominal pain, GI distress when taken with food, and potential heartburn.

Ezetimibe

Lowers cholesterol.
May cause angioedema.

Alirocumab

Binds LDL receptors on the liver for hypercholesterolemia.
Potential flu-like symptoms as side effects.

Rivaroxaban

Oral administration.
No INR monitoring required (less interactions).
System clearance is within 1-2 days after cessation.
Andexanet alfa is antidote.

Ezetimibe (Continued)

Cholesterol absorption inhibitor.
Nasopharyngitis is a potential adverse effect.

Metoprolol

Slows heart rate and lowers blood pressure.
Abrupt cessation should be avoided

Lisinopril

ACE inhibitor, not to double dose if missed.
Pregnancy is a contraindication for this med.

Propranolol

Beta blocker useful for chest pain, anxiety and high blood pressure.
Masking of hypoglycemia can be a concern for new DMs.

Amiodarone

Antiarrhythmic, used for atrial and ventricular dysrhythmias
Half-life is up to 50 days, use reliable contraception.
Adverse effects include bradycardia, pulmonary toxicity, ARDS, hypotension, blue-gray skin discoloration.

Milrinone

Increases myocardial contractility and cardiac output.
Primary use is short-term therapy for advanced heart failure.
Continuous ECG monitoring is recommended.

Digoxin (Cardiac Glycoside)

Increases heart contractions and force while decreasing rate.
Used for heart failure and abnormal heart rhythm.
Prior to administration check apical pulse and hold if under 60 bpm.
Digoxin toxicity symptoms include visual disturbances (yellow halos), anorexia, vomiting, and fatigue.

Verapamil

Calcium channel blocker that treats dysrhythmias.
Avoiding grapefruit juice is important with this medication.

Heparin

aPTT is the monitored value when taking heparin.

Warfarin

Contraindicated with ginkgo ginger and most antibiotics.
PT and INR are monitored values, not to increase dietary broccoli, and same time everyday dosages.
INR can be 2-3 times higher than normal (0.9-1.1) when taking warfarin.
Vitamin K is the reversal agent.

Clopidogrel

Antiplatelet, assessing for bleeding and bruising prior to administration is important.

(SATA) Bleeding/Symptoms

Bleeding gums, black tarry stools, flu-like symptoms, petechiae.

Nitroglycerin

Common side effect is headache.
Heart rate and blood pressure are priority assessments before administering Carvedilol.

Carvedilol

Heart rate and blood pressure are priority assessments before administering.

Enalapril

ACE inhibitor used for hypertension and heart failure.

Enoxaparin

Lower molecular weight heparin given by injection (often abdomen subQ).

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Description

This quiz covers essential aspects of diuretic and hyperlipidemia therapies, including medication effects, management, and associated risks. Learn the differences between various medications, lifestyle changes, and the importance of monitoring for patients with these conditions.