18 Questions
What is the initiating mechanism for deep vein thrombosis according to the text?
Formation of atherosclerotic plaque in the vessel walls
Which of the following clinical symptoms is associated with deep vein thrombosis?
Localized pain
What is a common consequence of pulmonary embolism?
Blockage of lung arteries
What are the main mechanisms most often implicated in venous thrombosis according to the text?
Inappropriate activation
Which genetic disorder is characterized by recurrent family history, abnormal site occurrence, and young adult onset?
Antithrombin deficiency
What do Anti-Phospholipid Antibodies (APLs) target in the body?
Beta 2 glycoprotein 1
What is the most common type of venous thrombosis mentioned in the text?
Deep vein thrombosis
What disease is characterized by hepatic vein thrombosis and blockage of the inferior vena cava?
Budd-Chiari syndrome
What type of thrombosis involves the formation of a blood clot within an artery?
Arterial Thrombosis
Which condition results in blockage of blood flow to the kidney?
Renal vein thrombosis
What type of condition is characterized by blockage in the diural venous sinuses, leading to a type of venous stroke?
Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis
What is the common cause of arterial thrombosis as described in the text?
Atheroma rupture
What is the main cause of thrombosis according to the text?
Endothelial cell injury
Which of the following is a common risk factor for Hypercoagulability?
Infection
What is the definition of thrombophilia?
Predisposition to thrombosis due to disorders
Which blood cells have been identified as playing a pivotal role in Deep Venous Thrombosis according to recent studies?
Neutrophils
What is the role of tissue factor in the blood coagulation system according to the text?
Activates the coagulation cascade
Which of the following is NOT a potential cause of injury to the vessel's wall that leads to thrombosis?
Stasis of blood flow
Study Notes
Introduction to Thrombosis
- Thrombosis is a disorder that occurs due to abnormalities in the coagulation system, platelets, and WBC.
- It can be caused by genetic deficiencies or autoimmune disorders.
Causes of Thrombosis
- Hypercoagulability (abnormal blood composition)
- Endothelial cell injury (damage to the vessel wall)
- Abnormal blood flow (stasis or turbulence)
Thrombophilia
- Predisposition to thrombosis due to a congenital or acquired disorder
- Cancer can be a contributing factor
Endothelial Cell Injury
- Causes of injury include trauma, surgery, infection, or turbulent flow at bifurcations
- Exposure of tissue factor to the blood coagulation system
Deep Vein Thrombosis
- Clinical symptoms: sensation of heat, localized pain, redness, swelling
- Initiating mechanism: atherosclerotic plaque formation in the vessel walls
- Small unstable plaques rupture, leading to pulmonary embolism
Thrombosis Risk Factors
- Coagulation system imbalances
- Inappropriate activation, gain of function, or inadequate control
- Acquired risk factors: anti-phospholipid syndrome, myeloproliferative disorders
- Non-disease risk factors: lifestyle
- Association with systemic diseases: chronic inflammatory diseases, nephrotic syndrome
Thrombosis Evaluation
- Factors that affect evaluation: anticoagulant therapy, recent thrombotic events
- Testing for AT, PS, PC, Factor VIII, and LA must be performed 10-14 days after therapy
Anti-Phospholipid Antibodies (APLs)
- Family of antibodies that bind protein-phospholipid complexes
- Include: lupus anticoagulant, anticardiolipin, anti-β2GPI
- Clinical consequences: transient ischemic attacks, strokes, coronary and peripheral artery diseases, venous thromboembolism, repeated pregnancy complications
Congenital Thrombosis Risk Factors
- Clinical features: occurs in young adults, occurs in unusual sites, recurrent, family history
- Inherited disorders: antithrombin deficiency, protein C deficiency, protein S deficiency, APC resistance, prothrombin G20210A mutation, fibrinogen
Types of Thrombosis
- Venous Thrombosis: formation of a thrombus within a vein
- Arterial Thrombosis: formation of a thrombus within an artery, leading to ischemia and tissue death
Learn about the causes of disturbed blood flow, including venous stasis, and the two types of thrombosis: venous thrombosis and deep vein thrombosis. Understand how these conditions can occur and their implications.
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