Distribution of Earthquakes and Volcanoes

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Questions and Answers

What is the main source of magma in the Earth's interior?

  • Asthenosphere (correct)
  • Crust
  • Mantle
  • Moho's discontinuity

Which part of the Earth is known to be brittle in nature?

  • Crust (correct)
  • Mantle
  • Asthenosphere
  • Moho's discontinuity

What is the average thickness of the oceanic crust?

  • 80 km
  • 30 km
  • 70 km
  • 5 km (correct)

Which region has a continental crust that can be as thick as 70 km?

<p>Himalayan region (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the gravitation force (g) greater near the poles compared to the equator?

<p>The distance from the center of the earth is less at the poles than at the equator. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the weak zone within the mantle called?

<p>Asthenosphere (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term is used to describe the difference between observed gravity readings and expected values?

<p>Gravity anomaly (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do magnetic surveys help understand the distribution of materials in the crustal portion?

<p>By providing information about magnetic materials (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

From where to where does the mantle extend in the Earth's interior?

<p>Crust to 2,900 km deep (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes an earthquake to occur according to the text?

<p>Release of energy along a fault (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are seismic waves crucial for understanding the interior of the earth?

<p>They provide insights into the layered interior (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the uneven distribution of mass within the earth influence gravity values?

<p>It affects the gravitational force at different locations (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the material in the upper mantle portion called before it reaches the surface?

<p>Magma (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT included in the materials that reach the ground during volcanic eruptions?

<p>Hydrogen compounds (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the classification basis used for categorizing volcanoes?

<p>Nature of eruption and surface form (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of volcano is considered the largest on Earth, except for basalt flows?

<p>Shield Volcanoes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what depth is the core-mantle boundary located?

<p>2,900 km (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which element primarily constitutes the core of the Earth?

<p>Nickel and Iron (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main source of information about the earth's interior discussed in the text?

<p>Surface rock samples from mining areas (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it not possible to drill beyond 3 - 4 km in gold mines in South Africa?

<p>Because it becomes very hot at greater depths (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What kind of materials have scientists analyzed to gain knowledge about the earth's interior?

<p>Surface rock from mining areas (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two major drilling projects mentioned in the text for exploring the earth's crustal portions?

<p>Deep Ocean Drilling Project and Integrated Ocean Drilling Project (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the deepest depth reached by a drill according to the text?

<p>12 km (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is most of our knowledge about the earth's interior based on estimates and inferences?

<p>Because direct observations are not possible due to extreme conditions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of intrusive body is a batholith?

<p>Large dome-shaped body (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are lacoliths different from batholiths?

<p>Lacoliths have a level base connected by a pipe-like conduit (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following intrusive bodies is formed concave to the sky and is known as lapolith?

<p>Saucer-shaped body (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of a lacolith?

<p>Level base (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are wavy masses of intrusive rocks sometimes found according to the text?

<p>At the top of anticline in folded igneous country (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of intrusive body can be considered as the localised source of lava that finds its way to the surface?

<p>Lacolith (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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