Questions and Answers
Which of the following are types of Distributed Systems? (Select all that apply)
What is the primary function of a Client/Server System?
The client sends requests to the server, which allocates resources or performs tasks and sends responses back.
In a Peer-to-Peer System, all nodes can perform tasks independently without a central server.
True
In a Three-tier system, the three layers consist of Application Layer, Data Layer, and __________ Layer.
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What is Middleware?
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What is a characteristic of Distributed Systems?
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Name one advantage of Cluster Computing.
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What does EAI stand for?
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Grid Computing offers a solution where multiple organizations collaborate and share resources.
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Distributed __________ Processing involves managing transactions across various servers.
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What is a significant disadvantage of Grid Computing?
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What is one application of Cluster Computing?
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Match the following types of systems with their descriptions:
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Study Notes
Types of Distributed Systems
- Client/Server Systems: a basic communication method where the client sends input to the server and the server replies with an output
- Peer-to-Peer Systems: a decentralized model where each node performs its task on its local memory and shares data through a supporting medium, acting as both a server and client
- Middleware: an application that sits between two separate applications, providing service to both, and enabling data transfer between them
- Three-tier Systems: uses a separate layer and server for each function of a program, storing client data in the middle tier, and includes an Application Layer, Data Layer, and Presentation Layer
- N-tier Systems: a multitier distributed system that contains any number of functions in the network, with similar structures to three-tier architecture
Characteristics of Distributed Systems
- Resource Sharing: the ability to use any Hardware, Software, or Data anywhere in the System
- Concurrency: the ability to perform the same activity or functionality simultaneously by separate users in remote locations
- Scalability: the ability to increase the scale of the system as several processors communicate with more users, improving responsiveness
- Transparency: hiding the complexity of the Distributed Systems from the Users and Application programs, ensuring privacy
Challenges of Distributed Systems
- Network latency: communication network latency affecting system performance
- Distributed coordination: coordinating nodes in a distributed system, which can be challenging due to the distributed nature of the system
- Data consistency: maintaining data consistency across multiple nodes in a distributed system
Distributed Computing Systems
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Cluster Computing: a collection of connected computers that work together as a unit to perform operations, functioning in a single system
- Advantages: high performance, easy to manage, scalable, expandable, available, flexible, cost-effective, and suitable for distributed applications
- Disadvantages: high cost, fault finding, space requirements, infrastructure needs, and security challenges
- Applications: web applications, data processing, complex computational problems, and weather modeling
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Grid Computing: a network of computer systems, each belonging to a different administrative domain, differing in hardware, software, and implementation
- Advantages: solves complex problems quickly, enables collaboration, uses existing equipment, and makes licensing easier
- Disadvantages: evolving software and standards, learning curve, non-interactive job submission, connection requirements, and licensing issues
- Applications: organizations developing grid standards, middleware solutions, and meeting computing, data, and network needs
Distributed Information Systems
- Distributed Transaction Processing: works across different servers using multiple communication models, with characteristics of atomicity, consistency, isolation, and durability
- Enterprise Application Integration (EAI): bringing different businesses together, ensuring consistent information use, and reflecting changes in data
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Remote Procedure Calls (RPC): a software element sending requests to other software elements, creating a local method name, and retrieving data through remote method invocation (RMI)
- Disadvantage: sender and receiver must be running at the time of communication
Distributed Pervasive Systems
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Pervasive Computing: integrating everyday objects with microprocessors, enabling communication
- Applications: home systems, electronic health systems, and sensor networks (IoT devices)
- Sensor Network: internet devices sending data to the client, and now storing and processing data to manage it efficiently
Examples of Distributed Systems
- Telecommunication Networks: peer-to-peer networks including telephone and cellphone networks
- Parallel Processors: distributing tasks across numerous processors for parallel computing
- Networks: Ethernet and LAN (Local Area Network) enabling computers to connect
- Distributed Database Systems: dispersed across several servers or locations, either homogeneous or heterogeneous
- Real-time Systems: found in various industries, emphasizing information exchange and processing, and requiring quick data communication to a wide range of users.
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Description
Test your knowledge of distributed systems, including client/server, peer-to-peer, and middleware systems. Learn about the benefits of resource sharing and coordinated activities.
