Distillation Process and Efficiency Quiz

A type of fluidization where gas bubbles rise through a bed of particles.

Fluidization where gas bubbles expand to the size of the vessel.

An equation used to predict pressure drop across a fixed bed during gas flow.

The gas velocity at which a bed of particles starts to fluidize.

The lowest possible void space in a packed bed of particles.

The size of a solid particle, measured in meters.

Mass per unit volume of a solid particle, in kg/m³.

Mass per unit volume of a fluid, in kg/m³.

A unit operation separating liquid mixture components based on volatility differences.

A distillation method where the entire mixture is processed in one batch, without continuous feed.

A distillation method using a column with packing to enhance separation efficiency.

Returning a portion of the condensed vapor to the column to enhance separation.

A theoretical model used to predict distillate composition in batch distillation.

The percentage of a desired component (e.g., methanol) in the distillate.

A mixture containing methanol and water, used in the experiment to test distillation methods.

The ease with which a substance vaporizes.

Rayleigh's Equation calculates the moles of the prominent distillate component before and after distillation using integration.

A measure of how effectively a distillation process separates desired components from a mixture.

Distillation efficiency is measured by the ratio of the moles of the desired component in the distillate to the total moles of the component in the initial solution and the distillate.

A graphical method used to design and analyze distillation columns, allowing for determining the number of theoretical stages required for a desired separation.

A graph representing the relationship between the vapor and liquid compositions of a mixture at equilibrium.

A hypothetical separation unit in a distillation column where the liquid and vapor phases are assumed to reach equilibrium.

The lower part of a distillation column where less volatile components are removed from the liquid.

Inaccurate volume measurements from a pycnometer can result from improper calibration or contamination. If the pycnometer isn't calibrated correctly, the recorded volumes will be wrong, affecting calculations. Contamination from previous experiments can also alter the sample volume.

A distillation method that uses a packed column and reflux to enhance the separation efficiency. It results in a higher concentration of the desired component in the distillate compared to simple batch distillation.

Over time, thermometers can lose accuracy. This can affect the measurements of boiling point and other observations during distillation, especially vital for determining steady state.

A distillation column filled with packing materials to increase surface area. This allows for more efficient contact between the liquid and vapor phases, enhancing separation.

To enhance the accuracy of distillation experiments, consider performing additional analyses like measuring the residue/retentate composition or taking temperature readings before density measurements.

A measure of how close an experimental value is to the theoretical value. It's calculated as the absolute difference between the experimental and theoretical values divided by the theoretical value, multiplied by 100%.

The ratio of the amount of a desired component recovered in the distillate to the initial amount in the solution, expressed as a percentage.

The ratio of the liquid returned to the column as reflux to the amount of distillate removed from the column.

A line on a McCabe-Thiele diagram that represents the relationship between the liquid and vapor compositions in the distillation column.

A diagonal line on the McCabe-Thiele diagram that represents the equilibrium conditions where liquid and vapor compositions are equal.

Information on the vapor-liquid relationships for a specific mixture at different temperatures and pressures.

The number of methanol molecules present in the distillate, calculated by dividing the weight of methanol in the distillate by its molecular weight.

The number of water molecules present in the distillate, determined by dividing the weight of water in the distillate by its molecular weight.

The sum of moles of methanol and water in the distillate, representing the total number of molecules in the vapor.

The proportion of methanol molecules in the distillate, calculated by dividing the moles of methanol by the total moles of distillate.

The amount of methanol present in a specific volume of distillate, usually expressed in moles per liter (M).

The remaining liquid in the distillation flask after the distillate is collected, representing the portion that did not vaporize.

The ratio of mass to volume of the residue, indicating how much mass is packed into a given volume.

The percentage of methanol by weight present in the residue, indicating the concentration of methanol remaining after distillation.

The methanol concentration is calculated by dividing the moles of methanol in the distillate by the volume of the distillate, then multiplying by 1000 to convert milliliters to liters.

The mole fraction of methanol represents the relative abundance of methanol molecules in the distillate compared to other components (like water).