Distal Humerus and Forearm AP Projection Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the position of the patient when taking a Distal Humerus AP projection with acute flexion?

The patient is lying on the radiograph table with their arm extended.

The patient is seated on the edge of the radiograph table with their elbow flexed at a 90 degree angle. (correct)

The patient is lying on the radiograph table with their arm flexed at a 90 degree angle.

The patient is seated on the edge of the radiograph table with their arm stretched outwards.

What is the central ray position for a Proximal Forearm PA projection Acute Flexion?

Angled perpendicular to the flexed forearm entering approximately 2 inches distal to the olecranon process. (correct)

Perpendicular to the humerus, approximately 2 inches superior to the olecranon process.

Perpendicular to the humerus, traversing the elbow joint.

Perpendicular to the forearm, entering approximately 1 inch proximal to the olecranon process.

In which specific projection is the olecranon process expected to be more clearly seen?

Proximal Forearm PA projection Acute Flexion

Distal Humerus AP projection with Partial Flexion

All projections have equal visibility of the olecranon process.

Distal Humerus AP projection Acute Flexion (correct)

What is the purpose of supinating the hand in the Distal Humerus AP projection Partial Flexion?

To ensure optimal visualization of the distal humerus. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following positions would be most ideal for visualizing the elbow joint in a more open position?

Proximal Forearm PA projection Acute Flexion (A) Signup and view all the answers

What should be the degree of flexion for the radial head when performing the Radial Head and Coronoid Process Axiolateral Projection?

90º (B) Signup and view all the answers

When performing a Proximal Forearm AP Projection Partial Flexion, what is the position of the central ray in relation to the elbow joint and forearm?

Perpendicular to the elbow joint and long axis of the forearm (D) Signup and view all the answers

When performing the Radial Head Lateral Projection, where should the IR be centered?

Elbow joint (B) Signup and view all the answers

In the Proximal Forearm AP Projection, what is the position of the patient?

Seated with the hand supinated (C) Signup and view all the answers

During the Coronoid Process Axiolateral Projection, what structures are being visualized?

The radial head and coronoid process (C) Signup and view all the answers

For the Radial Head Lateral Projection, what is the position of the patient's hand during the fourth exposure?

Extreme Internal Rotation (D) Signup and view all the answers

During the 'Radial Head and Coronoid Process Axiolateral Projection', what is the position of the patient's hand for visualizing the Coronoid process?

Pronated (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the position of the Central Ray in relation to the radial head for the seated patient performing the Radial Head Axiolateral Projection?

45 degrees towards the shoulder (C) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Distal Humerus AP Projection (Acute Flexion)

Patient positioned at the end of the radiographic table with elbow fully flexed.
Image receptor (IR) centered proximal to the humerus' epicondylar area.
Long axes of the arm and forearm parallel to the IR's long axis.
Central ray perpendicular to the humerus, approximately 2 inches superior to the olecranon process.
Collimation adjusted to include the proximal forearm half and 1 inch beyond the olecranon process and elbow sides.
Structures shown: proximal forearm and distal humerus. Olecranon process clearly visualized.

Proximal Forearm PA Projection (Acute Flexion)

Center the flexed elbow joint at the corner of the IR.
Long axes of superimposed forearm and arm parallel to the IR's long axis.
Central ray positioned perpendicular to the humerus.

Distal Humerus AP Projection (Partial Flexion)

Patient seated with the entire humerus on the same plane.
Forearm supported and elevated.
Hand is ideally supinated.
Position the IR underneath the elbow, elevated to the condyloid area of the humerus.
Central ray perpendicular to humerus, traversing the elbow joint. Adjust direction distally based on flexion angle.
Collimation adjusted 3 inches proximal and distal to the elbow joint, and 1 inch on the sides.
Visualizes the distal humerus (when elbow can't fully flex).

Proximal Forearm AP Projection (Partial Flexion)

Similar to the distal humerus projection, but with the central ray angled perpendicular to the flexed forearm, entering approximately 2 inches distal to the olecranon process.
The elbow joint should be more open than in a distal humerus projection.

Radial Head Lateral Projection

Patient seated at the end of the radiographic table with hand supinated.
Position patient high enough to place forearm on the table.
Central ray perpendicular to the elbow joint and long axis of the forearm.
IR positioned so it passes through the midpoint.
Elbow flexed at 90 degrees. The elbow joint is centered on the IR and placed in lateral position.
Four exposures: 1st - hand supinated; 2nd - hand lateral; 3rd - hand pronated; 4th - hand in extreme internal rotation.
Visualizes the proximal forearm when elbow can't fully flex.

Radial Head and Coronoid Process Axiolateral Projection

Humerus, elbow, and wrist joints in the same plane.
Patient is usually supine.
Pronate/flex elbow (90° for radial head, 80° for coronoid process).
Center IR at elbow joint.
Elevate distal humerus on a radiolucent sponge.
Position IR vertically centered on the elbow joint.
Slowly flex the elbow 90° (radial head) or 80° (coronoid process).
Turn hand so that palmar aspect faces medially.
Central ray directed toward the shoulder (45° to radial head in seated; cephalad at 45° to radial head in supine).
Central ray for coronoid process directed away from the shoulder (45° to coronoid process in seated; caudad at 45° to coronoid process in supine).
Results in open elbow joint visualizations: Radial head/capitulum and coronoid process/trochlea.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the techniques for radiographic projections of the distal humerus and proximal forearm in acute flexion and partial flexion. This quiz covers patient positioning, central ray alignment, and collimation adjustments for accurate imaging. Perfect for radiology students and professionals!