Dissociative Disorders Overview
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Questions and Answers

What distinguishes Dissociative Amnesia from general forgetfulness?

  • It includes a loss of all memory.
  • It specifically pertains to personal information. (correct)
  • It involves forgetting general knowledge and skills.
  • It is always related to medical conditions.

    • Which of the following best describes the condition known as Dissociative Fugue?

  • A sudden recall of past personal events.
  • An identity crisis without any memory disturbance.
  • A medical condition causing extreme psychological stress.
  • Traveling away from home with memory loss regarding one's life. (correct)

    • Which statement is true regarding Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)?

  • It is related to general memory lapses, not specific identities.
  • It is characterized by complete personality integration.
  • It involves two or more distinct identities within a single individual. (correct)
  • It primarily affects individuals during childhood only.

    • How did the historical prevalence of dissociative disorders notably change in the 1970s?

    <p>An epidemic surge in reported cases occurred.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What potential factors have been suggested as influencing the development of dissociative disorders?

    <p>Traumatic events and high levels of stress.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which way does Dissociative Identity Disorder differ from Dissociative Amnesia?

    <p>DID entails the coexistence of multiple identities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does dissociative amnesia differ from typical forgetfulness experienced by individuals?

    <p>It is always accompanied by a significant impairment in daily functioning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about dissociative identity disorder (DID) is true?

    <p>Individuals with DID typically possess multiple distinct identities or personality states.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic that differentiates dissociative experiences from a totally integrated identity?

    <p>Dissociative experiences result in a division or separation of awareness, memory, and identity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way are normal dissociative experiences generally viewed differently than those seen in dissociative disorders?

    <p>Normal dissociative experiences do not interrupt daily functioning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is thought to contribute to the development of dissociative identity disorder (DID)?

    <p>Prolonged exposure to trauma or extreme stress during formative years.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following scenarios illustrates a normal dissociative experience?

    <p>While driving, a person daydreams about recent events from their life.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common misconception about dissociative disorders?

    <p>All people with dissociative disorders have experienced trauma.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature of Dissociative Amnesia?

    <p>Inability to remember important personal information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following disorders involves assuming a new identity?

    <p>Dissociative Fugue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has been suggested as a reason for the rise in reported cases of Dissociative Disorders since the 1970s?

    <p>Increased media portrayals of dissociative symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disorder is characterized by two or more distinct identities with consistent personality traits?

    <p>Dissociative Identity Disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the treatment of Dissociative Disorders is generally accurate?

    <p>Treatment often focuses on addressing accompanying disorders such as PTSD</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What misconception might lead to skepticism regarding Dissociative Disorders?

    <p>The increase in reported cases coincided with media attention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which disorder is amnesia a frequent feature?

    <p>Dissociative Identity Disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which psychological condition has seen an increase in rates alongside Dissociative Disorders?

    <p>Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of auditory hallucinations differs between cultures such as the United States and Ghana or India?

    <p>The emotional tone associated with them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is considered a negative symptom of schizophrenia?

    <p>Flat affect.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cultural belief is reflective of the delusions commonly reported in Nigeria and Ghana?

    <p>Perceiving oneself as an angel or a prophet.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of schizophrenia, what does 'avolition' specifically refer to?

    <p>Inability to initiate or persist in goal-directed behaviors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do cultural contexts influence the perception of hallucinations among individuals with schizophrenia?

    <p>They shape the emotional responses related to hallucinations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes positive symptoms of schizophrenia from negative symptoms?

    <p>Positive symptoms involve an excess of normal functions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which positive symptom is specifically associated with auditory experiences?

    <p>Hallucinations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For a diagnosis of schizophrenia, how many characteristic symptoms must be present for at least one month?

    <p>At least two</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During hallucinations, PET scans of schizophrenic patients typically show increased activity in which regions of the brain?

    <p>Visual and auditory areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT classified as a negative symptom of schizophrenia?

    <p>Hallucinations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of delusion involves the belief of having special powers or abilities?

    <p>Delusion of grandeur</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a defining feature of disorganized thinking in schizophrenia?

    <p>Incoherent speech</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which abnormal behavior may be indicative of schizophrenia according to the description provided?

    <p>Unusual postures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What abnormal belief characterizes a delusion of persecution in schizophrenia?

    <p>Belief that they are being targeted or harassed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is commonly observed in the frontal lobe activity of schizophrenic patients during episodes of hallucinations?

    <p>Decreased activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary characteristic of schizophrenia?

    <p>Distorted beliefs, perceptions, and thought processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms are NOT typically associated with schizophrenia?

    <p>Physical symptoms like paralysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do cultural factors influence schizophrenia?

    <p>They are implicated in its development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common misconception about schizophrenia?

    <p>It is associated with a split personality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of schizophrenia is still being researched?

    <p>The complex causes of the disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is NOT considered a symptom of schizophrenia?

    <p>Compulsive behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about the nature of schizophrenia is correct?

    <p>It includes both positive and negative symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one key difference between schizophrenia and a split personality disorder?

    <p>Schizophrenia involves distorted perceptions rather than multiple identities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of belief is typically distorted in someone with schizophrenia?

    <p>Perceptions of reality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of schizophrenia, what is considered a positive symptom?

    <p>Hallucinations and delusions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Dissociative Disorders

    • Dissociative Disorders are psychological disorders where extreme and frequent disruptions of awareness, memory, and personal identity impair functioning.
    • There are two basic types of dissociative disorders: Dissociative Amnesia and Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID).
    • Dissociative Amnesia: Inability to recall important personal information which is not due to medical conditions.
    • Dissociative Fugue: A type of dissociative amnesia that includes sudden, unexpected travel away from home and amnesia about one's life.
    • Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID): Characterized by memory disruptions and the presence of two or more distinct identities ("personalities") within one person. Each personality has its own name, self-image, personal history, and potentially different ages and genders.

    Fragmentation of the Self

    • Normal dissociation involves a separation or division of awareness, memory, and personal identity which is not necessarily pathological. Examples of this are getting so absorbed in a book or movie, or being preoccupied during a commute.
    • Dissociative disorders are characterized by disruptions in awareness, memory, and identity that interfere with one's ability to function in everyday life.

    Schizophrenia

    • Schizophrenia is characterized by severely distorted beliefs, perceptions, and thought processes. It involves a breakdown in the ability to distinguish between external reality and internal mental states like dreams or daydreams.
    • Schizophrenia has both positive and negative symptoms.
    • Positive symptoms: These include delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thinking, and disorganized behavior.
    • Negative Symptoms: These include a decrease in normal functions such as motivation, emotional expressiveness, and speech.

    Symptoms of Schizophrenia

    • Delusions: False beliefs that persist despite contradictory evidence. Examples include delusions of reference, grandeur, persecution, and being controlled.
    • Hallucinations: False or distorted perceptions, often voices or visual stimuli, that seem vividly real. The content is often related to delusional beliefs.
    • Disorganized Thinking & Speech: Disorganized thought processes and speech, including disorganized thoughts and difficulties expressing coherent ideas.
    • Disorganized or Abnormal Motor Behavior: Unusual postures, movements, and gestures.
    • Negative Symptoms: These reflect an absence or reduction of normal functions. Examples include reduced motivation, emotional expressiveness, and speech.

    The Hallucinating Brain

    • PET scans show increased activity in the visual and auditory areas, but not in the frontal lobe, which normally is involved in organized thought processes.

    Schizophrenia Symptoms and Culture

    • The symptoms of schizophrenia often vary across cultures.
    • Auditory hallucinations can be described as dark and sometimes violent, while in other cultures people are more likely to report positive relationships with their voices.
    • Delusions that might be considered unusual in one culture might be widely accepted beliefs in another.
    • Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD): Characterized by chronic, global feelings of unreasonable anxiety.
    • Panic disorder: Sudden, unpredictable episodes of panic attacks.
    • Phobias: Intense, irrational fear and avoidance of specific objects or situations.
    • Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD): Persistent anxiety caused by intrusive repetitive thoughts (obsessions) reduced by performing repetitive behaviors (compulsions).
    • Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD): Reaction to psychological or physical trauma, marked by frequent intrusive trauma memories, avoidance of trigger situations, emotional numbness, and heightened physical arousal and anxiety.

    Depressive and Bipolar Disorders

    • Major depressive disorder: Emotional symptoms include despondency, helplessness, and worthlessness; behavioral symptoms include slowed movements and dejected expressions; cognitive symptoms include difficulty thinking, concentrating, and suicidal thoughts; and physical symptoms include loss of mental/physical energy, changes in appetite and sleep.
    • Persistent depressive disorder: Chronic, low-grade depressed feelings, but ability to function is not severely impaired.
    • Seasonal affective disorder (SAD): Recurring episodes of major depressive disorder during fall and winter months, associated with reduced sunlight exposure.
    • Bipolar disorder: Bouts of manic episodes that alternate with periods of major depressive disorder. Some individuals experience only manic episodes, characterized by inappropriate euphoria, excitement, racing thoughts, and high energy.
    • Cyclothymic disorder: Frequent, unpredictable mood swings, but not severe enough to meet the criteria for bipolar or major depressive disorder.

    Eating Disorders

    • Anorexia nervosa: Severe restriction of food intake, body weight significantly lower than normal, irrational fear of gaining weight, distorted self-image
    • Bulimia nervosa: Recurring episodes of binge eating, recurring episodes of purging food
    • Binge-eating disorder: Recurring, uncontrollable episodes of binge eating, not associated with methods to control weight

    Personality Disorders

    • Antisocial personality disorder: Recurring pattern of blatant lying, cheating, manipulating, and harming others, no sense of conscience, guilt, or remorse
    • Borderline personality disorder: Unstable self-image, emotional control, and interpersonal relationships, mood swings, impulsiveness, substance abuse, and self-destructive tendencies, extreme fear of abandonment
    • Personality traits characterized by inflexible, maladaptive patterns of thoughts, emotions, behavior, and interpersonal functioning.

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    Description

    Explore the complexities of dissociative disorders, including Dissociative Amnesia, Dissociative Identity Disorder, and the phenomenon of self-fragmentation. This quiz will help you understand how these disorders affect awareness, memory, and personal identity. Test your knowledge on the characteristics and implications of these psychological conditions.

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