Dissociative disorders, Gender dysphoria, and psychogenic nonepileptic seizure ppt
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Questions and Answers

Which statement accurately describes the characteristics of dissociative disorders?

  • They involve disruptions in consciousness that can cause significant distress. (correct)
  • They are always transient in nature.
  • They typically occur in a specific age group.
  • They are exclusively associated with organic brain dysfunction.

    • What is the female-to-male ratio in cases of dissociative disorders according to case studies?

  • 3:1
  • 5:1 (correct)
  • 4:1
  • 2:1

    • Which population is most commonly represented in studies of dissociative disorders?

  • Asian individuals
  • African American individuals
  • Hispanic individuals
  • White persons (correct)

    • What is a common mental health condition that often co-occurs with depersonalization?

    <p>Anxiety disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a recognized etiology for the development of dissociative disorders?

    <p>Adaptive defense against overwhelming psychic trauma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What duration is required to establish a marked incongruence between one's experienced gender and assigned gender for diagnosis?

    <p>At least six months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common trigger for psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES)?

    <p>Emotional stress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main psychological approach used in the treatment of psychogenic nonepileptic seizures?

    <p>Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is NOT typical in psychogenic nonepileptic seizures compared to epileptic seizures?

    <p>Tonic phase present</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant finding in the postictal state of a person experiencing PNES?

    <p>No changes in behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is associated with clinically significant distress in those experiencing gender dysphoria?

    <p>Social impairment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not an indication for admission when managing status epilepticus?

    <p>Low serum lactate levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common comorbidity associated with psychogenic nonepileptic seizures?

    <p>Epileptic seizures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic must be evident when diagnosing gender dysphoria in adolescents and adults?

    <p>Marked incongruence with primary and/or secondary sex characteristics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor is least likely to contribute to the onset of psychogenic nonepileptic seizures?

    <p>Genetic predisposition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the common symptoms of dissociative amnesia?

    <p>Inconsistent memory loss related to traumatic events</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What stage in dissociative amnesia involves loss of personal identity?

    <p>Second stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following characterizes depersonalization-derealization disorder?

    <p>Experiences feelings of detachment from one’s surroundings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common treatment approach for individuals experiencing gender dysphoria?

    <p>Social gender transition and biomedical treatments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which circumstance would hypnotherapy be primarily utilized within dissociative amnesia treatment?

    <p>To facilitate recall of traumatic memories</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of memory loss in dissociative amnesia refers to complete forgetfulness for a specific period?

    <p>Localized amnesia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature of depersonalization experiences?

    <p>Viewing oneself from outside the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms relates to gender dysphoria?

    <p>Distress due to incongruence between experienced gender and biological sex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might be a common sequence for someone experiencing dissociative amnesia?

    <p>A phase of acute altered consciousness followed by identity confusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is continuous amnesia described in individuals with dissociative amnesia?

    <p>Inability to remember anything after a certain date</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor is often associated with the onset of depersonalization-derealization disorder?

    <p>Emergence of symptoms during high anxiety situations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which intervention is least likely to be prescribed prior to the age of 18 for gender dysphoria?

    <p>Cross-sex hormone therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might be a typical response in individuals experiencing depersonalization-derealization disorder?

    <p>Concern about 'going crazy'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What psychological technique is commonly used to address phobias related to depersonalization experiences?

    <p>Flooding therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes a common misconception about dissociative identity disorder?

    <p>DID symptoms often appear only in adulthood.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the primary goals of cognitive behavioral therapy in the treatment of dissociative identity disorder?

    <p>Recognizing negative thoughts and teaching coping strategies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structured interview is specifically designed to detect malingering of psychosis?

    <p>Structured Interview for Reported Symptoms (SIRS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In regards to the epidemiology of dissociative identity disorder, which statement is accurate?

    <p>The onset typically occurs in the late 20s.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following characteristics is NOT associated with dissociative identity disorder?

    <p>Presence of delusions and hallucinations exclusively.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What approach involves regarding the alters as artifacts in the treatment of dissociative identity disorder?

    <p>Adaptive focus approach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a self-report questionnaire used to screen for dissociative symptoms in adults?

    <p>Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately reflects the nature of alters in dissociative identity disorder?

    <p>Alters can represent varying characteristics and functions including childlike forms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What differentiates dissociative identity disorder from schizophrenia?

    <p>Presence of identity disruption in DID.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms would NOT typically be associated with dissociative identity disorder?

    <p>Persistent feelings of euphoria.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which technique is sometimes utilized in the treatment of dissociative identity disorder to hasten the diagnosis?

    <p>Hypnosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect does dialectical behavioral therapy emphasize in the treatment of individuals with dissociative identity disorder?

    <p>Teaching skills to regulate emotions and improve interpersonal relationships.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which childhood experience is commonly associated with the development of alters in dissociative identity disorder?

    <p>Experiences of trauma or abuse.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common psychological treatment approach used to help integrate the alters in dissociative identity disorder?

    <p>Integrative psychotherapy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following disorders is least likely to be misdiagnosed as dissociative identity disorder?

    <p>Generalized anxiety disorder.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Dissociative Disorders

    • Dissociative disorders involve disruptions in consciousness, awareness, memory, perception, or identity.
    • They are not attributed to physical illness or brain dysfunction.
    • They cause significant distress or impairment, and have lower prevalence rates but a female to male ratio of 5:1.
    • Dissociative disorders can be a coping mechanism for trauma and are commonly seen in people with military or civilian trauma.
    • The exact cause of dissociative disorders is uncertain, but theories include psychological, neurocognitive, trauma-genic, and psychosocial factors.

    ### Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)

    • Formerly known as Multiple Personality Disorder.
    • Characterized by two or more distinct personality states, which are often observed by others or reported by individuals.
    • May include recurrent gaps in memory, important personal information, or traumatic events.
    • It involves disruptions in sense of self and agency, affecting behavior, cognition, and sensory-motor functioning.
    • The onset typically occurs in late 20s, affecting men and women equally.
    • Symptoms include transient depression, mood swings, sleep disturbances, nightmares, suicidal behavior, self-harm, amnesia, depersonalization, hallucinations, and anxiety with physical manifestations.

    Dissociative Amnesia

    • Retrograde amnesia associated with childhood trauma.
    • Individuals may have limited or no awareness of their memory loss.
    • Symptoms include an inability to recall significant personal information related to trauma, which doesn't align with ordinary forgetting.
    • Types include localized, selective, generalized, and continuous amnesia, with patchy amnesia being prevalent in people with trauma.

    Depersonalization-Derealization Disorder

    • Characterized by persistent or recurrent experiences of depersonalization, derealization, or both.
    • Individuals may feel detached from their thoughts, feelings, bodies, or surroundings with a sense of unreality or detachment.
    • Onset is usually sudden and associated with anxiety, leaving individuals feeling numb and out of touch.
    • Symptoms can start in early childhood, with the average age of onset being around 16.
    • Treatment often focuses on addressing the underlying trauma.

    Gender Dysphoria

    • Defined as distress arising from a mismatch between one's experienced or expressed gender and their biological sex.
    • It includes significant distress or impairment and is not simply a case of experiencing gender incongruence without emotional distress.
    • Treatment varies depending on age, but generally focuses on supporting social gender transition and initiation of biomedical treatments for adolescents who have begun puberty.

    Psychogenic Nonepileptic Seizure (PNES)

    • Etiology is unknown but may be related to conversion disorder or malingering.
    • Mimics epileptic seizures but lacks tonic phase and rarely leads to injury.
    • Eye closure during seizures is common, unlike epileptic seizures, and there is no change in behavior or neurological findings postictally.
    • Often diagnosed with video-EEG monitoring, which is the gold standard for identifying PNES.
    • Treatment focuses on addressing underlying psychological or psychiatric issues, as well as educating the patient and providing coping mechanisms for stress.

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    Description

    Explore the complexities of dissociative disorders, including Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID). This quiz delves into definitions, characteristics, causes, and prevalence, along with the impact these disorders have on individuals. Test your knowledge on the psychological aspects and coping mechanisms related to trauma.

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