Dissociative Disorders Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary goal of treatment for dissociative identity disorder?

  • To enhance the severity of the dissociative symptoms
  • To eliminate all personalities completely
  • To promote the development of new identities
  • To integrate the identities into a cohesive single personality (correct)

Which therapeutic technique involves imagining a relaxed setting to cope with health problems?

  • Art therapy
  • Guided imagery (correct)
  • Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
  • Exposure therapy

How might a person with high suggestibility manage extreme trauma according to the autohypnotic model?

  • By using dissociation as a defense mechanism (correct)
  • By ignoring all emotions related to the trauma
  • By facing the trauma directly without defense mechanisms
  • By developing multiple new identities instead of dissociating

What is one possible outcome when integration of identities in dissociative identity disorder is not achievable?

<p>The focus shifts to achieving a harmonious interaction among the identities (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment approach is considered the main method for managing dissociative identity disorder?

<p>Psychotherapy aimed at personality integration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes a person temporarily losing their sense of reality, often feeling as if they are in a trance or watching themselves?

<p>Depersonalization (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a cause associated with the development of dissociative disorders?

<p>Genetic predisposition (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the historical context of the term "hysterical neurosis"?

<p>It was used to describe physical symptoms without known organic causes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is considered to have a strong influence on dissociative disorders according to psychoanalytic theory?

<p>Social and cultural factors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best defines dissociative experiences?

<p>A temporary detachment from reality. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do dissociative disorders historically categorize behaviors typically associated with women?

<p>As hysterical behavior (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common feature of extreme dissociation?

<p>Feelings of being detached from the external world (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about trauma and dissociative disorders is accurate?

<p>Childhood trauma can contribute to the emergence of dissociative disorders. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is described as the feeling of being detached from one's body or mental processes?

<p>Depersonalization (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during a derealization episode?

<p>A person’s sense of reality is lost. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by persistent and recurrent episodes of depersonalization and derealization?

<p>Depersonalization-Derealization Disorder (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes dissociation?

<p>A disconnection between thoughts, identity, and memory. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a potential cause of depersonalization and derealization?

<p>Consistent physical exercise (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of treatment for depersonalization-derealization disorder?

<p>To re-establish contact with reality (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes depersonalization-derealization disorder from other disorders?

<p>It can occur on its own without other mental health disorders. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following symptoms may indicate a derealization episode?

<p>Perception of people as mechanical or dead. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of cases may present stressors that are relatively minor or unidentified?

<p>25 to 50% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential impact of dissociation on an individual's functioning?

<p>Difficulty functioning at home or work due to distress. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is specifically mentioned as part of the disorders related to severe depersonalization and derealization?

<p>Feelings of unreality (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which scenario might treatment for depersonalization-derealization disorder typically be avoided?

<p>When symptoms are occasional and not distressing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical duration for symptoms of depersonalization-derealization disorder?

<p>Up to 1 month. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of medications may be used in the treatment of depersonalization-derealization disorder?

<p>Antianxiety medications and antidepressants (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes an episode of depersonalization?

<p>Feeling as if one is not real or is detached from oneself. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What feeling might be experienced during dissociative episodes?

<p>A feeling of alienation from the environment. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes dissociative identity disorder in terms of memory?

<p>Ordinary events are often difficult to remember (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of amnesia involves a total loss of memory for one's past or identity?

<p>Dissociative Fugue (B), Generalized Amnesia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used for the different personalities or identities in someone with dissociative identity disorder?

<p>Alters (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following techniques focuses on helping people work through intolerable conflicts and negative feelings?

<p>Psychodynamic Techniques (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what age does the onset of dissociative identity disorder typically occur?

<p>Often as young as 4 years of age (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which technique uses the five senses to help individuals feel more connected to themselves and their surroundings?

<p>Grounding Techniques (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common experience associated with the switching of identities in dissociative identity disorder?

<p>Instantaneous change in identity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does childhood trauma play in dissociative identity disorder?

<p>It is one of the root causes linked to the disorder. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common feature of localized or selective amnesia?

<p>Inability to recall specific traumatic events (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Moment-to-moment tracking helps individuals by enabling them to recognize and identify which of the following?

<p>Their feelings of dissociation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the frequency of identity switching tend to change with age?

<p>It decreases with age. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about memory loss is accurate?

<p>Memory loss can also result from stress and trauma. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary challenge for host personalities in dissociative identity disorder?

<p>Maintaining their identity with other alters (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition is characterized by feelings of depersonalization and a lack of conscious access to memory?

<p>Dissociative Disorder (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What phenomenon may occur physically during an identity switch?

<p>Physical transformations including posture (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Clinical descriptions of memory loss identify which of the following as the most prevalent dissociative disorder?

<p>Generalized Amnesia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Dissociative Disorders

Mental disorders characterized by disruptions in memory, awareness, identity, or perception.

Somatic Symptom & Dissociative Disorders

These used to be classified as "hysterical neurosis."

Neurosis

A historical term in psychoanalytic theory for disorders that resulted from unconscious conflicts.

Depersonalization

A dissociative experience where a person loses a sense of self-reality.

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Dissociative Experience

Experiencing detachment from reality, often like being in a dream or trance.

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Traumatic Experiences

Often a cause of dissociative disorders, such as abuse, neglect, or abandonment.

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Social and Cultural Factors

These play a role in the development of dissociative disorders.

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Hysterical

A historical term describing physical symptoms without a known cause, or dramatic/emotional behavior, often associated with women.

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Derealization

A state where the external world feels unreal, distorted, or dream-like. Objects may seem to change shape or size, and people might seem dead or mechanical.

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Dissociation

A normal process where we detach from reality, like when we daydream or lose track of time. This becomes a disorder when it is frequent, uncontrollable, and disrupts daily life.

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Involuntary Escape from Reality

A key characteristic of dissociative disorders, where a person unconsciously detaches from their surroundings to cope with overwhelming situations.

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When is Depersonalization-Derealization Disorder Diagnosed?

The disorder is diagnosed when the symptoms persist or recur, are distressing, and interfere with daily functioning for at least two weeks.

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Depersonalization-Derealization Disorder vs. Other Conditions

This disorder is distinct from other conditions, meaning it's not caused by drugs or another mental health problem. It's a separate disorder in itself.

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Depersonalization-Derealization Disorder

A mental disorder characterized by persistent and recurrent episodes of depersonalization and/or derealization.

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Causes of Depersonalization-Derealization Disorder

This disorder can be triggered by severe stress, including trauma, abuse, or witnessing violence.

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Symptoms of Depersonalization-Derealization Disorder

The feelings of unreality are so severe and frightening that they dominate a person's life and prevent normal functioning.

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Treatment for Depersonalization-Derealization Disorder

Psychotherapy and antianxiety or antidepressant medications are often used.

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Recovery from Depersonalization-Derealization Disorder

In some cases, the disorder may disappear without treatment, but treatment is necessary if it persists, recurs, or causes distress.

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Goal of Treatment

Treatment aims to help individuals reconnect with reality and regain a sense of self.

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Autohypnotic Model

Suggests that dissociation can be used as a defense mechanism against trauma, where a person's identity splits into multiple personalities.

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Dissociative Identity Disorder Treatment

Primarily involves psychotherapy to integrate different identities into a single personality. Supportive care and medications for associated symptoms may also be used.

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Goal of Dissociative Identity Disorder Treatment

Treatment aims to integrate multiple personalities into a single, cohesive personality. If integration is impossible, the goal shifts to harmonious interaction between identities.

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Guided Imagery

A relaxation technique involving visualization of a peaceful setting to manage health problems. It helps with coping and relaxation.

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Hypnosis

A therapeutic technique used to treat dissociative identity disorder, involving guided relaxation and suggestion to access the unconscious mind.

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Dissociative Amnesia

A dissociative disorder characterized by memory loss, usually of a traumatic event or period of time. The forgetting is selective, rather than generalized, and often triggered by trauma or stress.

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Generalized Amnesia

A type of dissociative amnesia where a person loses all memory, including who they are. It can be lifelong or may extend from a specific period in time. This is very rare.

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Localized Amnesia

A type of dissociative amnesia where a person fails to recall specific events, often traumatic, that occurred during a specific period of time. It is more common than generalized amnesia.

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Dissociative Fugue

A dissociative disorder characterized by sudden unplanned travel and the inability to remember one's past or personal identity. The memory loss is often triggered by trauma or stress, and the person may take on a new identity.

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Cognitive Techniques

Strategies used to help people with dissociative amnesia manage their memories and feelings. They can include cognitive restructuring or mindfulness techniques.

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Behavioral Techniques

Strategies that involve engaging in activities that distract from intrusive thoughts and feelings associated with dissociative amnesia. These can include exercise, relaxation techniques, or engaging in hobbies.

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What are Grounding Techniques?

These are techniques used to help people with dissociative amnesia feel more connected to themselves and the present moment. They involve using the five senses (hearing, touch, smell, taste, and sight) to increase awareness.

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Psychodynamic Techniques

Strategies used to help people with dissociative amnesia explore and understand the underlying conflicts, negative feelings, and experiences that contribute to their dissociation.

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Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)

A mental disorder characterized by the presence of two or more distinct identities or personalities that take control of the person's behavior. Individuals with DID also experience memory gaps, and their identities may have different names, ages, genders, and even physical features.

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Alters

The different identities or personalities in DID.

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Host Personality

The personality that primarily seeks treatment and tries to hold the different identities together.

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Switch

The instantaneous shift in control from one identity to another. This could be accompanied by changes that are visible, like changes in posture or facial expressions.

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Symptoms of DID

Individuals with DID experience disruptions in their memory, identity, and perception. They may black out and be unable to recall important events or personal information, and they may have gaps in their memories of their past or their traumatic experiences.

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Cause of DID

Childhood abuse and trauma are often linked to DID. Experts believe that developing DID is a coping mechanism for escaping overwhelming negative emotions caused by severe abuse. It involves a natural tendency to dissociate to escape intense negative feelings.

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Suggestibility

Suggestibility refers to individuals with DID being prone to self-hypnosis and suggesting to themselves that they can dissociate, for example, to avoid feeling pain.

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Treatment for DID

Treatment for DID is often long-term and may involve therapy, medication, and other forms of support. The goal of therapy is to help individuals integrate their identities, process their traumatic experiences, and develop coping mechanisms for dealing with stress.

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Study Notes

Dissociative Disorders Overview

  • Dissociative disorders involve extreme dissociation or dissociative experiences, like dreaming or detachment from reality
  • These experiences, characterized by involuntary detachments in consciousness and identity, can involve a disconnection between thoughts, identity, consciousness, and memory.
  • Dissociation can be a normal response to trauma, but in disorders, it often arises from childhood experiences like abuse, neglect, and abandonment..
  • Social and cultural factors influence dissociative disorders
  • Depersonalization is when a person's perception alters, temporarily losing their sense of reality, feeling like they are in a trance or dream.
  • Derealization is when a person feels detached from reality of the external world, as objects or people appear unreal or distorted.
  • Dissociative disorders often accompany other issues, like social and cultural factors, which play a strong role.

Dissociative Disorders Types

  • Depersonalization-Derealization Disorder: Persistent feelings of detachment from one's body or mental processes (depersonalization), and/or detachment from one's surroundings (derealization). Often triggered by significant stress.
  • Dissociative Amnesia: Memory loss, typically for personally stressful events. Can be localized (loss of memory for a specific event) or generalized (loss of memory for entire life).
  • Dissociative Fugue: A subtype of amnesia involving a period of unexpected travel, loss of identity, and inability to recall personal information..

Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)

  • Formerly known as multiple personality disorder, DID involves two or more distinct identities or personality states that recurrently take control of the person.
  • These identities often have different mannerisms, characteristics, and behaviors.
  • DID often arises from childhood trauma and abuse
  • The transition between different identities can be immediate or gradually evolving.
  • The identities may have different memories, perspectives, and relationships with the environment or even other identities.

Treatment Approaches

  • Treatment for dissociative disorders focuses on addressing the underlying trauma or stressors, building coping mechanisms, and helping the individual integrate fragmented identities or behaviors.
  • Common approaches include psychotherapy and potentially medications used for associated symptoms like anxiety or depression.

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PSY206 Dissociative Disorders PDF

Description

Explore the complexities of dissociative disorders, characterized by extreme dissociation and detachment from reality. This quiz covers key concepts such as depersonalization, derealization, and the influence of social and cultural factors on these conditions. Understand how trauma from childhood can lead to dissociative experiences.

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