Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) in DSM-5
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Questions and Answers

What is DID in the context of the DSM-5?

  • A type of amnesia
  • A dissociative disorder with distinct criteria (correct)
  • A type of neurophysiological disturbance
  • A type of psychological factor

    • What might unintentionally cause DID according to the text?

  • Trauma
  • Iatrogenesis (correct)
  • Psychotherapy
  • Hypnosis

    • What is a possible effect of implicit and explicit suggestions during hypnosis on segments of self?

  • Shape segments of self into appearance of MPD/DID (correct)
  • Integration of personalities
  • Elimination of memories
  • Development of DID

    • What is a characteristic of Dissociative Amnesia?

    <p>Partially or completely lost memory of events or experiences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Retrograde Amnesia?

    <p>Loss of memory for past events</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Localised Amnesia?

    <p>Failure to recall events during a circumscribed period of time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most striking feature of DID according to Martin Orne and co?

    <p>Differences between personalities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Dissociative Amnesia sometimes classified into?

    <p>Retrograde and Anterograde Amnesia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant predictor of criminal recidivism, according to research?

    <p>Juvenile delinquency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason why a single risk factor cannot predict violence or serious antisocial behavior?

    <p>Individual differences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of schizophrenic behavior?

    <p>Dissociative identity disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of antisocial personality disorder?

    <p>Lack of empathy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the defense of 'not guilty by reason of insanity' often unsuccessful in cases involving post-traumatic stress disorder?

    <p>The disorder does not impair cognitive functioning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of dissociative identity disorder?

    <p>Multiple personalities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a type of mental illness often associated with criminal conduct?

    <p>Antisocial personality disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the DSM and ICD classification systems?

    <p>To diagnose mental illnesses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a limitation of the actuarial approach to risk assessment?

    <p>It restricts the definition of violence, risk, duration, severity, and frequency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a benefit of using Structured Professional Judgement (SPJ) in risk assessment?

    <p>It combines actuarial predictions with clinical experience</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key aspect of the Structured Professional Judgement (SPJ) approach?

    <p>It weighs the importance of risk factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential weakness of actuarial measures according to clinicians?

    <p>They are perceived as having some weaknesses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of actuarial measures?

    <p>They reduce subjectivity in risk assessment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a benefit of using actuarial measures in risk assessment?

    <p>They reduce subjectivity and are based on empirical evidence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a limitation of clinical judgement in risk assessment?

    <p>It is based on hunches and past experiences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of the Structured Professional Judgement (SPJ) approach?

    <p>It is more structured than clinical judgement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a crucial aspect of a defendant's competence to stand trial?

    <p>Sufficient present ability to consult with their lawyer with a reasonable degree of rational understanding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to a defendant who is deemed incompetent to stand trial?

    <p>Their trial is postponed until they are deemed competent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of adjunctive competence?

    <p>The defendant's ability to participate in a variety of court proceedings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is implied by a defendant's decisional competence?

    <p>Their ability to comprehend the significance of various decisions to be made</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between competence to stand trial and adjunctive competence?

    <p>One refers to the defendant's ability to participate in a specific court proceeding, while the other refers to their ability to participate in a variety of court proceedings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a judicial ruling that a criminal defendant is unable to understand the nature and objective of the criminal proceedings called?

    <p>Incompetent to stand trial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is encompassed by the concept of adjunctive competence?

    <p>Competence to proceed and decisional competence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consequence of a defendant's incompetence?

    <p>Their trial is postponed until they are deemed competent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome if a PTSD defence is successful?

    <p>Finding of diminished responsibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is dissociation on a continuum from normal to pathological?

    <p>Daydreaming or extreme amnesia of past events</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many dissociative disorders are identified in the DSM-5?

    <p>5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes dissociative identity disorder (DID)?

    <p>The presence of 2 or more distinct personalities with recurrent episodes of amnesia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the change from one personality state to another in DID?

    <p>Stress or environmental stimuli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of people with DID?

    <p>They are highly suggestable and impressionable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How often are reported cases of DID historically?

    <p>Rare</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is debated among practitioners and scholars regarding DID?

    <p>The existence of the disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)

    • DID is a psychiatric syndrome characterized by the existence of 2 or more distinct personalities within an individual.
    • Formerly known as Multiple Personality Disorder (MPD).
    • Characterized by:
      • The presence of 2 or more distinct personality states or experience of possession.
      • Recurrent episodes of amnesia.
      • Amnesia or gaps in recall may occur in everyday events.
      • Symptoms of DID may be reported by the individual or observed by others.
      • Change or transition from one personality state to another is often very sudden, triggered by stress or environmental stimuli.

    Dissociative Amnesia

    • Refers to complete or partial memory loss of an event, series of events, or some segments of one's life experiences due to physical trauma, neurophysiological disturbances, or psychological factors.
    • One of the criteria for DID.
    • Classified into:
      • Retrograde amnesia: Loss of memory for past events.
      • Anterograde amnesia: Inability to form new memories after an event.
      • Localised amnesia: Failure to recall events during a circumscribed period of time.
      • Generalised amnesia: Rare and more severe form of amnesia.

    Dissociation

    • Exists on a continuum from normal to pathological.
    • Normal: Daydreaming.
    • Pathological: Extreme amnesia of past events or dissociative identity disorder.
    • DSM-5 identifies 5 different dissociative disorders.
    • Characterized by "A disruption of and/or discontinuity in the normal integration of consciousness, memory, identity, perception, body representations, motor control, and behaviour."

    Competency to Stand Trial

    • Defendants are competent to stand trial if they have:
      • Sufficient present ability to consult with their lawyer with a reasonable degree of rational understanding.
      • Rational or factual understanding of proceedings.
    • Law states:
      • Person who is incompetent must not be tried.
      • Competency is required at every stage of criminal justice proceedings.
    • Incompetence also refers to:
      • Lack of understanding of court proceedings, one's rights, or function performed by one's lawyer.
      • May not know they do not have to take the stand or not understand the terms used in court.

    Adjunctive Competence

    • The ability to participate in a variety of court proceedings.
    • Relates to the ability to participate in a wide variety of court proceedings or court-related activities.
    • Encompasses 2 distinct concepts:
      • Competence to proceed.
      • Implied understanding of the purpose of the proceedings.
      • Being able to help one's attorney.
      • Decisional competence.
      • Implies ability to comprehend the significance of various decisions to be made.

    Incompetent to Stand Trial (IST)

    • A judicial ruling that a criminal defendant, due to mental illness, defect, or other reasons, is unable to understand the nature and objective of the criminal proceedings or is unable to assist their defence lawyer.
    • May apply to various judicial stages, including plea bargaining, trial, and sentencing.

    Risk Assessment

    • Actuarial approach:
      • Measured developed on specific populations – not generalise to others.
      • Restrictive definition of violence, risk, cannot address duration, severity, or frequency.
      • Unable to apply professional judgement – like weighing importance of risk factors.
    • Structured Professional Judgement (SPJ) approach:
      • Combines the strength of actuarial predictions with the experience of practitioners.
      • Offers guidelines for providing the risk assessment.
      • Recommends that clinicians abide by established guidelines for conducting a careful assessment of whether an individual is likely to be violent.
      • Critical background is gathered – includes presence of risk and protective factors for the person being assessed.
      • Clinician weighs importance of factors and considers the extent to which the person may be violent and under which circumstances.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the criteria for Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) in the DSM-5 and how it differs from the criteria for Multiple Personality Disorder (MPD) in earlier versions. It also touches on the concept of iatrogenic DID.

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